Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Skutki uznania zasad finansowania świadczeń zdrowotnych rolników za niezgodne z Konstytucją. Rozważania na tle wyroku Trybunału Konstytucyjnego

100%

Jeżyńska B.

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tom 4

38-57

EN

The completed with the decree of the Constitutional Court K 58/07 the formal differentiation of agricultural producers according to the criterion of income, requires extensive legislative interference, which will sort the legal status of farmers engaged in commodity agricultural activities in the sphere of general business transactions and, consequently, it will determine the rules for charging and collecting the health premium. The subject of the discussion in the article is to identify the most important legislative changes that must be taken to execute the decree of the Constitutional Court.

PL

Dokonana wyrokiem Trybunału Konstytucyjnego K 58/07 formalna dyferencjacja producentów rolnych według kryterium dochodowego, wymaga szeroko zakrojonej ingerencji legislacyjnej, która uporządkuje status prawny producentów rolnych prowadzących towarową działalność rolniczą w sferze powszechnego obrotu gospodarczego, a w konsekwencji ustali zasady naliczania i poboru składki zdrowotnej. Przedmiotem rozważań zawartych w artykule jest wskazanie najważniejszych zmian legislacyjnych, jakie muszą być podjęte, aby wykonać wyrok Trybunału Konstytucyjnego.

2

Organizacja rolniczej działalności wytwórczej w ramach klastra

100%

Jeżyńska B.

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tom 9

257-270

EN

Agricultural real estate has always been a separate element in the functional plane. While assessing the character of agricultural production systems, it is important to pay attention to land use which can be defined as an essential means of production in the agricultural sector. Regardless of economic and organizational factors, land still remains a crucial component in agricultural production, which increases the importance of agricultural real estate. The fundamental attribute of ownership, especially in agricultural property rights, is a right to farm. Agricultural real estate is associated with farming which is understood as assets of the estate and stands for property in terms of civil law. Functional separation of agricultural real estate also relates to the concept of agricultural property which is a part of farming. Agricultural real estate refers to property and constitutes a set of rights and obligations. Organization of agricultural production activities within the cluster Key words: cluster, innovation, economic cooperation, socio – economic development In recent programs of socio – economic development of the European Union the issue of the organization of modern and innovative forms of economic cooperation, such as clusters gained special meaning. In literature, the term cluster is usually defined as a geographic cluster of interrelated companies, specialized suppliers, service providers, firms in related sectors associated with them institutions, in particular fields that compete and also cooperate with each other. Expanding cooperation within the so–formed network and implementing scientific institutions, local and regional authorities and other support organizations located in a certain proximity, allow to expand the sphere of influence, improve information flow, business operations and competitiveness and innovativeness of the business in a particular region. And these are the assumptions that are the essence of the European concept of the cluster as an innovative form of economic cooperation. The issue of rural clusters is discussed much less frequently than issues related to industrial clusters. Recent objective to improve the competitiveness and rural development policies adopted by the European Union in WPR to 2020: cope with future challenges related to food, natural resources and territorial aspects, involve improving the competitiveness and innovation activities through the creation and promotion of projects jointly implemented, including those fulfilled within clusters. In the Polish economic realities the development of clusters in rural areas faces a far–reaching difficulties. The essential difficulties result from the lack of tradition and willingness to cooperate among agricultural producers as well as producers and other subjects of agri – food market. Even more far–reaching are the legal uncertainties, which are concentrated in three areas. First, whether agricultural activity may be regarded as innovative activity. Second, whether on the basis of existing rules can agricultural entrepreneurs be regarded as producers and their manufacturing activity as a business activity, according to the requirements of forming a cluster and can agricultural producers benefit from financial assistance under the program of Innovative Economy. And thirdly, you should consider the importance of agricultural producer groups and their organizations in the creation and functioning of clusters associated with the agri – food production.

3

Koncepcja rezerwatów biosfery UNESCO

63%

Jeżyńska B. , Pastuszko R.

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2021

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nr 2(29)

237-246

IT

Al giorno d’oggi lo sviluppo sostenibile costituisce un argomento d’interesse in numerose sedi scientifiche, governative, sociali, con le discussioni coerenti con temi che riguardano tutti i livelli e tutti i tipi di pressione ambientale. Per questo motivo, degne di nota sono le attività intraprese dall’UNESCO per creare una piattaforma specifica per la cooperazione sostenibile, vale a dire le riserve di biosfera, le quali sono un eccezionale esempio del principio di sviluppo sostenibile messo in pratica.

EN

Sustainable development and problems related to it are currently the subject of interest of numerous scientific, governmental and social bodies, and the discussion that is going on concerns all levels and types of environmental pressures. Therefore, the activities undertaken by UNESCO that aim at creating a platform for sustainable interaction in the form of biosphere reserves should be considered as worthy of presentation here. They constitute an exceptional manifestation of the implementation of the sustainable development principle in practice.

PL

Problematyka zrównoważonego rozwoju jest obecnie przedmiotem zainteresowania licznych gremiów naukowych, rządowych, społecznych, a dyskusja merytoryczna dotyczy wszystkich poziomów i rodzajów presji środowiskowej. Z tego względu warto przedstawić działania podejmowane przez UNESCO w zakresie tworzenia specyficznej platformy zrównoważonego współdziałania, jaką są rezerwaty biosfery. Stanowią one wyjątkowy przejaw realizacji w praktyce zasady zrównoważonego rozwoju.

4

Introduction

50%

Jeżyńska B.

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tom 26

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nr 1