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Zmora

100%

Czyżewski F.

tom 1

133–143

Szkic artykułu do „Słownika stereotypów i symboli ludowych” przedstawia charakterystykę postaci demonicznej zmory (zwanej również morą, gniotkiem, dusiołkiem, nocnicą). Jest to zjawa nocna dusząca ludzi, zwierzęta, rośliny i wysysająca z nich krew i soki. Autor dokonuje systematycznego zestawienia cech tej zjawy. Analiza zawiera informacje dotyczące: etymologii, jej cech zewnętrznych (blada, chuda, śliska itd.) i zakresu działania (szkodliwa, złośliwa, bezlitosna, okrutna w mordowaniu ludzi itd.), zachowania się jej wobec człowieka, miejsca (izba, rozstaje dróg itd.) i czasu jej pojawiania oraz sposobów obrony przed nią.

The draft of an entry to the Dictionary of Folk Symbols and Stereotypes presents the characteristic traits of a demonic entity called zmora (also known as mora, gniotek, dusiołek, or nocnica). It is a nocturnal apparition that chokes and sucks blood and other fluids out of people, animals, and plants. The author undertakes a systematic description of zmora’s traits. The analysis includes information related to: the etymology of the word zmora, the traits of the zmora (e.g. it is pale, slender, slimy, etc.), the character of its actions (harmful, spiteful, merciless in killing people, etc.), its behaviour towards people, its areas of activity (chambers, crossroads, etc.), its times of activity, and the ways to defend against it.

Kilka uwag o dwujęzyczności dziewiętnastowiecznych mieszkańców wsi nadbużańskich… w twórczości Leona Kunickiego (na przykładzie powieści Iwanko)

100%

Czyżewski F.

nr 14

35-46

The article presents the phenomenon and mechanisms of the development of bilingualism among the nineteenth-century inhabitantsThe article presents the phenomenon and mechanisms of the development of bilingualism among the nineteenth-century inhabitants of villages situated on the Bug River. The issue is principally exemplified by the novel Iwanko [Ivanko] by Leon Kunicki (1828–1873), a writer associated with southern Podlasie (the Włodawa area). Referring to different situational contexts of the characters in the novel, the author of the study has shown the mechanisms of switching linguistic codes: Polish and Ukrainian. An illustration of these complex communication processes is the Greek Catholic (Uniate) community of Horodno village. The status and prestige in a bilingual community stem from non-linguistic causes, as shown by the cited examples from the novel. The acquisition of Polish by Podlasian Ruthenians is one of the basic conditions for job promotion and, sometimes, social advancement. According to the author of the study, the novel analysed is a good philological source for investigating language contacts on the Polish-Ukrainian borderland. of villages situated on the Bug River. The issue is principally exemplified by the novel Iwanko [Ivanko] by Leon Kunicki (1828–1873), a writer associated with southern Podlasie (the Włodawa area). Referring to different situational contexts of the characters in the novel, the author of the study has shown the mechanisms of switching linguistic codes: Polish and Ukrainian. An illustration of these complex communication processes is the Greek Catholic (Uniate) community of Horodno village. The status and prestige in a bilingual community stem from non-linguistic causes, as shown by the cited examples from the novel. The acquisition of Polish by Podlasian Ruthenians is one of the basic conditions for job promotion and, sometimes, social advancement. According to the author of the study, the novel analysed is a good philological source for investigating language contacts on the Polish-Ukrainian borderland.