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Cytological examination of the cow uterus - description of the method and the preliminary results of its clinical application

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Baranski W. , Podhalicz-Dziegielewska M. , Lukaszewicz G. , Janowski T.

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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2011

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tom 67

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nr 01

EN

The aim of the study was to describe a new method used for diagnosing uterine disorders and to present preliminary results regarding the incidence of this kind of endometritis in dairy cows. For its diagnosis, samples must be taken from the lumen of the uterine horns. This requires a special tool which consists of a catheter open at both ends/on both sides, a mandrel and a brush for the collection of samples. After sampling the brush is rolled on cytological glass, and the smear is stained using one of the classic methods. Following this procedure, a number of polimorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL), other white cells and epithelial cells are counted. In order to diagnose the disorder, the percentage of PMNL is considered. In our trials, conducted in two experimental herds, subclinical endometritis was diagnosed in 69.7% of cows in one herd and in 38.3% of cows in the other herd during the fourth week post partum. Two weeks later, the incidence of this disease dropped to 43.3% and 17%, respectively. Only in 12.1% and 8.7% of cows after parturition the number of PMNL grew with the passage of time. More research is needed to evaluate the influence of cytological endometritis on reproductive performance and to examine the pathological and physiological nature of this disorder.

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Aktualne poglady dotyczace leczenia endometritis u krow

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Lukaszewicz G. , Szczebiot A. , Janowski T.

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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2010

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tom 66

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nr 03

168-172

EN

Endometritis is still one of the most important disorders in cows during the post partum period. It is assumed that during the first week post partum uterine infections affect almost 90% of cows, and in 20-30% cases they turn into various forms of endometritis. In recent years the classification of endometritis has changed: it is now based on the pathogenesis of this disorder and requires a more complete diagnosis, which takes into account the spreading of the inflammatory process across uterine layers, the moment of the appearance of this disorder and the nature of its clinical symptoms (endometritis acuta, endometritis chronica, pyometra). This article discusses the state of current knowledge on etiopathogenesis, clinical signs and their relation to treatment methods. It is believed that intrauterine infusions of antibiotics should not be the principle method of treatment, because it has disadvantages in many cases. Other options for treatment that should be taken into consideration are intramuscular injections of PGF2α, intrauterine infusions of non-antibiotic substances, as well as - in cases of endometritis acuta - systemic treatment with antibiotics. Generally, every case should be treated individually, depending on the clinical form of endometritis. Modern treatment should also take into account the self-healing of the post-partal uterus. In general, an up-to-date treatment of endometritis in cows should depend on the diversified forms of this disorder and should also take into consideration economic interests of the owner of the animals (withdrawal period for milk, improvement of fertility).

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Preliminary results on ultrasound examinations of pig ovaries during post-weaning period

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Szczebiot A. , Janowski T. , Lukaszewicz G. , Socha P.

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy

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2008

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tom 52

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nr 3

EN

The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasound examination in determining the dynamics of ovarian follicular growth, estimating the time of ovulation, and diagnosing the pathological state of the ovary in the period after weaning. The examinations were conducted under commercial farm conditions on primiparous (n=20) and multiparous sows (n=20). In the experiment, a Scanner 200 and a linear 5-MHz probe were used. The sows were examined by a non-invasive transcutaneous method. In about 20% of the females, the presence of small (1-2 mm) ovarian follicles was observed on the day of weaning, whereas in the majority of animals these ovarian structures were not detected. It was shown that in most animals the dynamics of follicular growth on the days following weaning differed only slightly between the two groups and oestrus occurred on days 4-5. At the beginning of oestrus, the average size of ovarian follicles in the multiparous sows was 5.23 ±1.36 mm and was larger than that observed in the primiparous sows (3.42 ±1.87 mm, P<0.01). It was also observed that in the group of the multiparous sows, the maximum diameter of the follicles prior to ovulation, amounting to 7.81 ±1.26 mm, was larger than in the primiparous sows (6.06 ±1.77 mm, P<0.01). The time of ovulation in both groups of animals was typical and fell on the third day of oestrus. During the examinations, one case of a single ovarian cyst and one case of multiple cysts were detected, which amounted, in total, to 4.5% of the animals examined. Ovarian afunction (lack of follicles) was observed in another 4.5% of the sows in this experiment. This study confirmed the usefulness of transcutaneous ultrasound imaging of pig ovaries for the evaluation of their physiological and pathological conditions.