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EN
We assessed the effect of physical effort with increasing intensity on the visuomotor processing in physically active young men (n = 2 2). Subjects performed three 10-minute effort-tests with increasing intensity on a cycloergometer. Each participant was assigned individual workload values below the lactate threshold (40% VO2max), at the lactate threshold (60% VO2max) and above the lactate threshold (80% VO2max). Special Ability Signal Test included in the Vienna Test System (Schuhfried, Austria) was used to examine visuomotor processing. The numbers of correct reactions and the median reaction time as a measure of the speed of the detection process were analyzed. Four Signal test recordings were taken: pre-exercise and immediately after the three subsequent effort tests. The numbers of correct reactions increased after the first effort (40% VO2max) in comparison to the pre-exercise state and then significantly decreased after the third effort test (80% VO2max). In contrast, no significant changes in time of signal detection were observed. Physical effort with high intensity might disturb the visuomotor processing in accordance to the accuracy of the visuospatial differentiation of the relevant signal within irrelevant signals.
PL
Koszty związane ze zdrowiem sportowców to nie tylko nakłady na opiekę zdrowotną i poprawę warunków treningu, ale również koszty, związane ze skutkami negatywnych zjawisk dotyczących urazów i kontuzji. Funkcjonalność organizmu jest kluczowa do realizacji maksymalnych obciążeń treningowych. Dysfunkcje w obrębie układu stabilizacyjnego skutkują nieprawidłową pracą mięśni głębokich (stabilizujących), co wpływa negatywnie na pracę mięśni powierzchownych generujących ruch. Celem badań była ocena efektywności stosowania programu profilaktyki urazów wśród wysokokwalifikowanych sportowców. Badania przeprowadzono wśród 17 zawodniczek ekstraligowego klubu piłki nożnej MKS Olimpia Szczecin. W badaniach zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego opartego na Raporcie Medycznym Polskiego Związku Piłki Nożnej. Analizie poddano zagadnienia związane z przebytymi kontuzjami w okresie 18 miesięcy, w których wprowadzono program profilaktyki urazów oparty na ćwiczeniach funkcjonalnych i stabilizacyjnych. W przebiegu stosowania ćwiczeń stabilizacyjnych oraz funkcjonalnych zauważono istotny spadek występowania kontuzji wśród badanych zawodniczek. Proponowany program profilaktyki urazów w sporcie może być rekomendowany w sporcie wysokokwalifikowanym.
EN
The costs related to the health of athletes are not just expenditures for healthcare and improvement of training conditions but also covering the costs that are consequences of injuries and other contusions. The functionality of their bodies is crucial to the realisation of the maximum training loads. Any dysfunction of the body’s stabilising system (the stabilising deep muscles) causes abnormal functioning of the superficial muscles which generate movement. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of using the programme that prevents injuries amongst highly qualified sportsmen. The study was conducted amongst 17 female players of the MKS Olimpia Szczecin football club. In this study, a method of diagnostic survey, which was based on Medical Reports of Polish Football Association, was used. We analysed issues related to the injuries which occurred in the time span of 18 months. During exercise intervention (baseline vs. 18-months), the programme, which prevents injuries and is based on functional and stabilising exercises, was used. While this programme was being applied, a notable drop in injuries amongst the studied athletes was noticed. The suggested prophylaxis programme could be recommended to the highly qualified sportsmen.
RU
Расходы, связанные со здоровьем спортсменов – это не только расходы по лечению и улучшению условий тренировки, но и издержки, связанные с последствиями отрицательных явлений, касающихся травм и ушибов. Функциональность организма – основа выполнения максимальных тренировочных нагрузок. Дисфункции в пределах системы стабилизации ведут к неправильной работе глубоких (стабилизирующих) мышц, что отрицательно влияет на работу поверхностных мышц, вызывающих движение. Цель разработки – оценить эффективность применения программы профилактики травм у высококвалифицированных спортсменов. Изучение провели среди 17 спортсменок футбольного клуба экстракласса МКС Олимпия Щецин. В изучении применили метод диагностического зондажа, основанного на Медицинском отчете Польского футбольного союза. Анализ охватил вопросы, связанные с ушибами, которые случились в течение 18 месяцев, когда была введена программа профилактики травм, основанная на функциональных и стабилизационных упражнениях. По ходу применения стабилизационных и функциональных упражнений отметили существенное уменьшение частотности выступления ушибов у обследуемых спортсменок. Предлагаемую программу профилактики травм в спорте можно рекомендовать в высококвалифицированном спорте.
EN
One of the important aspects of attentional processes in sport performance is sustained attention during task execution. The objective of this study was to analyze the ability to maintain attention during a serial reaction time task performance in expert handball players (n = 12) and non-athletes (n = 12). Participants perform a FitLight TrainerTM (Fitlight Sports Corp., Canada) test protocol configured by the PDA controller which consisted of 10 series of simple motor reaction task to visual stimuli appearing on 8 wireless light discs. Each of the 10 series included 22 reactions. Ability to maintain attention was determined by analyzing the variability in results during testing, e.g. the total time of test execution and the average reaction time to visual stimulus in each subsequent series. The main finding in our study was that Non-athletes in comparison to Athletes had: (1) longer total time of test execution; (2) longer reaction time; (3) and higher variability in results during task performance. The results indicate a higher level of ability to maintain attention in handball players.
EN
Introduction. The quality of the lessons conducted is influenced by among others, the test results of biomechanics in the sphere of the teachings of sport and science of physical education. Therefore, the aim of this research was to obtain knowledge about the influence of selected external factors on the loads of the lower limbs during Gyaku-Zuki karate punch. Material and Methods. The analyses took into account a Karate athlete holding 2nd dan black belt. During the examination, he was performing right and left Gyaku-Zuki punch starting from zenkutsu-dachi (without a physical target or into a board measuring 30 × 20 cm and one inch thick). Two dynamometric Kistler platforms (Kistler force plate, Type 9286AA, Kistler, Switzerland) were used for examination. The maximum ground pressure (P) for the left and right leg during Gyaku-Zuki performance was recorded while the Karate athlete was hitting the wooden board or had no target (into the air). Results. The following values were registered: punch without target – front foot 1150.27-1329.72 N, back foot 621.78-748.13 N; punch on the board: front foot 912.28-697.76 N, back foot 721.44-670.63 N. Conlusions. The research conducted indicates that during the course of administering a blow with the fist, namely Gyaku-Zuki, the leg thrust forward bears more weight (the leg opposed to the hand administering the blow). The occurrence of a motionless object that constitutes the target of the blow, or its lacking, have an impact on the pressure force on both feet of the karate fighter, while blows administered to a wooden board reduces the pressure force of the feet on the floor.
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