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Financing Smart Cities: an Analysis of Funding Mechanism and Challenges, a Literature Review

100%

Staszewska A.

Przedsiębiorstwo & Finanse

2023

119-129

The rapid urbanization and technological advancements of the twenty first century have given rise to the concept of smart cities, which use innovative technologies to enhance the efficiency, sustainability, and quality of life for their residents. This paper explores the various financing mechanisms employed to fund smart city initiatives, examining their effectiveness and addressing the challenges associated with each. The study also investigates the evolving landscape of smart city financing, considering the role of public-private partnerships, government funding, and other financial instruments. There are also recommendations for future urban development strategies.

The Status of Translation Studies in Contemporary Higher Education: English, not German, as the Main Language Taught in Translation Studies Programs in Poland

63%

Gilewska A. , Staszewska A.

Studia Ełckie

2012

tom 14

7-17

Before 1989, the main foreign language being taught in Polish schools was Russian, due to the socio-political ties with Moscow. Second and third tier foreign languages were French and Ger-man. After the fall of communism, and especially after Poland joined the EU, the demand for English Translational Studies has grown significantly, at the cost of German programs. In this paper, the authoresses try to analyze the cultural foundations for these phenomena.