Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

In search of a potential diagnostic tool for molecular characterization of lymphatic filariasis

100%

Saeed M. , Adnan M. , Khan S. , Al-Shammari E. , Mustafa H.

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tom 61

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nr 1

2

Snowmelt runoff modelling under projected climate change patterns in the gilgit river basin of northern Pakistan

72%

Adnan M. , Nabi G. , Kang S. , Zhang G. , Adnan R. M. , Anjum M. N. , Iqbal M. , Ali A. F.

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tom 26

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nr 2

EN

Pakistan is home to three of the world’s largest mountain ranges in the Upper Indus Basin (UIB), where the majority of Pakistan’s water resources are located: the Himalayan, Karakorum, and Hindu-Kush. This work estimated the (snow+glacier) and rainfall runoff from one of the major tributaries, the Gilgit River, nestled within the UIB of Pakistan. The snowmelt runoff model (SRM) derived by the cryospheric data from the MODIS (moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer) was employed to predict the daily discharges of the Gilgit. The SRM was successfully calibrated, and the simulation was undertaken from 2005 to 2010, with a coefficient of model efficiency ranging from 0.84-0.94. The average contributions of (snow+glacier) and rainfall to the stream flows of the Gilgit from 2001-10 were 78.35% and 21.65%, respectively, derived from the SRM. The representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) AR5 were used to investigate the effects of the changes in temperature on climate of the Gilgit catchment. Under the RCP 4.5 scenario, the air temperature of Gilgit will increase by 3°C, whereas the increase in precipitation will be minor. Under the RCP 8.5 scenario (overshooting scenario), air temperature will increase by 10.7°C, whereas precipitation will decrease between 2010 and the end of the 21st century in the Gilgit catchment. The application of the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 mean temperature scenarios in the SRM suggested that with increases in mean temperature of 3.02ºC and 10.7ºC, respectively, the average annual runoff in the Gilgit will increase by 67.03 and 177.5%, respectively, compared with the observed runoff by the end of the 21st century. This increased surface runoff from snow/glacier melt can potentially be utilized by planning new storage areas at appropriate locations to harness additional water.

3

Characterizing microbial populations in petroleum-contaminated soils of Swat district, Pakistan

72%

Uddin M. N. , Ali M. , Muhammad M. , Farooq M. , Ahmad N. , Jamil J. , Kalsoom J. J. , Adnan M. , Shah N. , Khan A.

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2016

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tom 25

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nr 4

EN

Soil samples from petroleum-contaminated soil were collected from 25 different petroleum filling stations and automobile workshops in the district of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan. A total of seven bacterial genera were isolated. All of the isolates were Gram-positive bacteria. The genera identified by the culture and cell morphological characteristics were: Bacillus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Corynebacterium Arthrobacter, and Streptomyces. Lipolytic and saline activities of the selected isolates were studied. Among the isolates, Arthrobacter, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Micrococcus, Corynebacterium, and Streptomyces produced lipase enzymes, while no lipase was produced by Streptococcus. Dense growth of Bacillus and Streptococcus was observed at 1% NaCl. Dense growth of Streptomyces was observed at strength of 2% NaCl. At 3% NaCl concentration, dense growth of Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Corynebacterium, and Arthrobacter was observed, indicating that they were moderately halotolerent. In our study, Bacillus, Arthrobacter, and Streptomyces showed optimum growth at pH 8.0, and Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Micrococcus showed optimum growth at pH 7.0. Only Corynebacterium showed optimum growth at pH 9.0, indicating that it is tolerant of higher pH conditions.

4

Quantitative determination of lethal concentration Lc50 of atrazine on biochemical parameters; total protein and serum albumin of freshwater fish grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

72%

Khan A. , Shah S. , Muhammad N. , Khan M. S. , Ahmad M. S. , Farooq M. , Adnan M. , Jawad S. M. , Ullah H. , Yousafzai A. M.

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2016

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tom 25

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nr 4

EN

The indiscriminate use of herbicides has led to the contamination of water bodies, possibly affecting the health of aquatic biota, especially fish. Atrazine is considered as toxicants for aquatic fauna, due to its high persistence in soil, high half-life and high mobility toward aquatic bodies as well as high solubility in water. The objective of the present study was to determine (LC50) and to evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity of atrazine on the biochemical parameters; total protein and serum albumin of freshwater grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Above 15 μlL⁻¹, the LC50 was recorded revealing sensitivity of grass carp to atrazine. Grass carp was exposed to atrazine for 01 (15 μlL⁻¹), 02 (13 μlL⁻¹), 03 (10 μlL⁻¹), and 04 (08 μlL⁻¹) days/concentration for scrutinizing acute toxicity. Likewise, fish were exposed to atrazine for 10 (06 μlL⁻¹), 15 (04 μlL⁻¹), and 25 (02 μlL⁻¹) days/concentration for scrutinizing chronic toxicity. Control group concentration was 8.3 gL⁻¹ and 3.5 gL⁻¹. Total protein concentration observed for acute toxicity was 7.5 gL⁻¹, 6.5 gL⁻¹, 4.6 gL⁻¹, and 3.2 g/L and serum albumin concentration was 2.7 gL⁻¹, 1.6 gL⁻¹, 1.4 gL⁻¹, and 1.1 gL⁻¹ respectively. Similarly total protein concentration observed for chronic toxicity was 8.2 gL⁻¹, 6.8 gL⁻¹, and 4.3 gL⁻¹ and serum albumin concentration was 2.1 gL⁻¹, 1.7 gL⁻¹, and 1.4 gL⁻¹ respectively. Markedly decline (denoted by P<0.05, P≤0.01 and P≤0.001) was noticed in both the parameters concentration during acute as well as chronic toxicity, when compared with control group concentration, indicating negatively impinge of atrazine on grass carp as well as atrazine present in aquatic bodies must jeopardize the health of other aquatic fauna.

5

Enzymatic profile aactivity of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) after exposure to the pollutant named atrazine (herbicide)

72%

Khan A. , Yousafzai A. M. , Shah N. , Muhammad , Ahmad M. S. , Farooq M. , Aziz F. , Adnan M. , Rizwan M. , Jawad S. M.

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2016

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tom 25

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nr 5

EN

The present study contemplates the enzymatic profile of grass carp, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine phosphokinases (CPK), serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and alkaline phosphatase (Alk Phosp) under atrazine’s acute toxicity effects (LC50) for 01 (15 μl/L), 02 (13 μl/L), 03 (10 μl/L), and 04 (08 μl/L) days/concentration, respectively. For analyzing the enzymatic profile we followed the biochemical analyzer set protocol (Merck micro lab 300 biochemistry analyzer) in the laboratory. Control group concentrations for LDH, CPK, SGPT, and Alk Phosp were 342 IU/ml, 7513.3 IU/ml, 46 mmol/l, and 126.6 IU/ml, respectively. After treatment LDH concentrations were 906, 851, 765, and 545 IU/ml, respectively. CPK concentrations were 1,737, 2,445, 3,718, and 5,767 IU/ml, respectively. SGPT concentrations were 27, 24.3, 13.67, and 8.67, respectively, and Alk Phosp concentrations were 50.3, 30, 22.3, and 17.6 IU/ml, respectively. Maximum inclined (P≤0.001) in concentration of LDH was observed after 24 hrs exposure because of hepatic tissue damage, resulting in increased membrane permeability causing enhanced leaching out of LDH and as LDH participates in an anaerobic pathway, so increase LDH mean increases of anaerobic metabolism resulting from depletion of energy under environmental stress conditions by atrazine, while other enzymatic components like CPK, SGPT, and Alk Phosp showed kindred attributes in their result, like all parameter concentrations showed perpetual decline (P≤0.001) in their concentrations indicating reduced enzymatic activity due to a reduction in permeability for these enzymes, forcing the enzymes to accumulate in the cells as well as decrease in enzyme synthesis due to intoxication of atrazine.

6

Investigating hydrological responses and adaptive operation of a hydropower station under a climate change scenario

58%

Zaman M. , Yuan S. , Liu J. , Ahmad I. , Sultan M. , Quamar M. U. , Saifullah M. , Adnan M. , Anjum M. N. , Nawaz M. I. , Ali I.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2018

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tom 27

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nr 5

EN

In this study we investigated the projections of climate change and its impacts on the water resources of the Xin’anjiang watershed and optimal hydropower production using future run-offs (the decades of the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s). The arc SWAT hydrological model and change factor downscaling technique were integrated to detect the run-offs and to downscale CMIP5 future climate variables, respectively. Optimal hydropower generation using future runoff was predicted by developing a mathematical model and by applying the particle swarm optimization technique within its paradigm. The results depict an increase of up to 5.9ºC in monthly mean maximum temperature, and 5.58ºC in minimum temperature until the 2080s. There will be a 63% increase in flow magnitudes more than the base year flow during the 2020s, whereas up to 70% and 31.40% increments have been observed for the 2050s and 2080s, respectively. The results revealed potential hydropower generation of 19.23*10⁸ kWh using 2020s runoff of rainy years. Similarly, 19.35*10⁸ kWh and 14.23*10⁸ kWh were estimated from the flows during the 2050s and 2080s, respectively.