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3 Folia Morphologica

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Absent posterior interventricular artery

100%

Bridgeman J. N. , Adds P. J.

Folia Morphologica

2015

tom 74

nr 3

During the dissection of the thorax of a 79-year-old Caucasian male cadaver, the posterior interventricular coronary artery was found to be completely absent. Congenital heart abnormalities are frequent but absent arteries are uncommon and when occurring are often associated with replacement vessels from the existing circulation, making complete absence rare. This condition may well have been asymptomatic in life, but such variations could have serious implications in patients with underlying heart pathology. (Folia Morphol 2015; 74, 3: 396–398)

Langer’s axillary arch: a rare variant, and prevalence among Caucasians

100%

Turki M. A. , Adds P. J.

Folia Morphologica

2017

tom 76

nr 3

During the dissection of a 79-year-old Caucasian female cadaver, a variant of Langer’s axillary arch was found unilaterally in the left axilla. While Langer’s axillary arches are not uncommon, this particular variant, attaching to the biceps brachii, is much rarer with a reported prevalence of only 0.25%. The case reported here, however, is only the third example of a Langer’s axillary arch that has been found in the last 14 years in the Dissecting Room at St. George’s, University of London, giving it an overall prevalence of approximately 1.0% amongst a population of around 280 Caucasian cadavers, much lower than the reported frequency of 7%. Langer’s axillary arches can be completely asymptomatic in life, but may also cause a variety of issues both clinically and surgically. (Folia Morphol 2017; 76, 3: 536–539)

The posterior epidural ligament in the thoracic region: a cadaveric and histological study

100%

Rimmer C. T. , Adds P. J.

Folia Morphologica

2018

tom 77

nr 4

The existence of posterior epidural ligaments (PEL) has been established in the lumbar region, but they have hitherto not been shown to exist in the thoracic vertebral column. Their identification is of clinical significance in respect to incidental durotomy and the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Fourteen thoracic spine sections were dissected by cutting through the intervertebral disc and separating the ligamentum flavum from the vertebra above. The dural sheath was gently retracted anteriorly to identify macroscopic connections between the ligamentum flavum and the dura. Macroscopic connections observed were dissected out, retaining some dural sheath and ligamentum flavum. Histological staining with haematoxylin and eosin and Miller’s elastin stain was used to investigate cellular connections. Thoracic PELs were positively identified in 5 of the 14 cadavers (35.7%). Histology showed similarities between the thoracic and lumbar PELs. Fifteen separate PELs were identified within these five thoracic sections. The thoracic PEL has sufficient tensile strength to present a risk to the integrity of the dural sheath during surgery, and surgeons should be aware of these connections when operating on the thoracic spine. PELs may also contribute to the circulation of CSF in the spinal subarachnoid space. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 4: 748–751)