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3
Content available Budowanie zaangażowania studentów
80%
PL
Publikacja przedstawia sposób budowania zaangażowania studentów w rozwój własny – od zdobywania informacji i wiedzy, poprzez jej analizowanie pod kątem przydatności do rozwiązania problemu aż do stosowania zdobytych umiejętności w pracy z innymi. Realizacja podanych celów stała się możliwa dzięki zastosowaniu połączenia kilku metod dydaktycznych oraz narzędzi wykorzystywanych w pracy metodą Webquestów. Przeanalizujemy przedstawiony proces budowania zaangażowania analizując przykładowe efekty pracy studentów kierunku Transport Wydziału Mechanicznego Politechniki Łódzkiej, a szczególnie sposoby wykorzystania zdobytej wiedzy w pracy z innymi.
EN
The publication presents a way of building students engagement through preparing projects and explaining the gained knowledge. Reaching the target was possible due to combining PBL and WebQuest. The examples of the projects show that the students not only got to know many new facts/theorems, but they also worked on quite well known ideas. While analysing different problems, they found many aspects that could be considered in their analyses. The presentations prepared by the students during their work on the projects were not described in detail. An extra value that their engagement brought was highlighted. A list of workshops based on the problems prepared by the students was later compiled. The students of the Mechanical Faculty of Lodz University of Technology showed that they could not only explain normal situations by using an advanced theory, but they could also translate scientific laws to young people.
EN
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is mainly used in heart examination and to detect and characterize focal liver lesions. CEUS also allows the evaluation of the spleen, pancreas, kidneys, lymph nodes and the detection of porto-systemic shunts. UCAs can be administered intracavitarily, e.g. in the urinary bladder. In human medicine CEUS is used in the assessment of anti-angiogenic treatment. In some cases concerning the detection and characterization of focal lesions in such organs as the liver, spleen and kidneys, CEUS is equally or more efficient than CECT. The advantages of CEUS are: non-invasiveness, high availability, short examination time, low cost expenses and good patient tolerance compared to contrast agents use in CECT and CEMRI. The appearance of UCAs decreased the gap dividing the diagnostic value of USG and CT/MRI and also allows the characterization of neoplastic lesions without the need of invasion biopsy and diagnostic laparatomy.
EN
Ultrasonography is an imaging technique universally employed in veterinary medicine. It has many advantages, such as high availability, non-invasiveness, short examination time, no anesthesia, and low cost, but also some drawbacks, like low specificity. To overcome these limitations, ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) and specific ultrasound contrast techniques have been developed. The application of UCAs and specific sonographic contrast techniques increase the specificity and sensitivity of ultrasound examination. Nowadays the new contrast-specific imaging techniques enable the separation of the linear tissue signal from the non-linear microbubble signal, which, combined with the introduction of second-generation UCAs, makes contrast-enhanced ultrasonography a very important diagnostic tool.
8
Content available Cytokines in canine inflammatory bowel disease
61%
EN
Canine inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic enteropathies characterized by persistent or recurring gastric symptoms with an unknown etiology which are related to histopathological changes in the mucosa of the small and large bowel in the form of cellular infiltration in the mucosal lamina propria. Recent years have witnessed a growing number of investigations into the role of the immune system and, in particular, cytokines in the development of IBD. In this article, the expression of pro-inflammatory (IL-1, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, IFN-γ, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) was compared in canine patients with IBD based on clinical presentation, breed, lamina propria cell infiltrate and histopathological grade. Only selected studies confirmed higher mRNA expression levels of cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-12p40, IFN-γ, TNF-α and TGF-β in dogs with IBD in comparison with healthy subjects. GSD were strongly represented in most study populations. Dogs with LPE were characterized by elevated levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, TGF-β. The present studies of canine patients with LPC revealed the mRNA expression of cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β. In the reviewed studies, the progression of IBD was not accompanied by changes in the mRNA expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-α, IFN-γ or TGF-β.
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