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Relational Construction of Visual Objects

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nr 2

45-68

One of the main functions of the visual system is to construct representations of objects. These "visual objects" are formed by developing the structure of more primitive visual representations. In the article, I define the notions of "minimal visual object", "maximal-non object representation", and "constructing characteristic" that differentiates minimal objects from maximal non-objects. Based on these distinctions, I consider the type of ontological change that transforms visual regions, treated as maximal non-object representations, into basic, low-level visual objects. In order to identify such a change, I discuss theories of early vision, models of figure/ground distinction, and analytic, ontological accounts of the structure of objects. Finally, I put forward a thesis that external relations constitute the main structural factor that determines the ontological transition from non-object representations to visual objects.

Two Types of Visual Objects

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nr 2

26-38

While it is widely accepted that human vision represents objects, it is less clear which of the various philosophical notions of ‘object’ adequately characterizes visual objects. In this paper, I show that within contemporary cognitive psychology visual objects are characterized in two distinct, incompatible ways. On the one hand, models of visual organization describe visual objects in terms of combinations of features, in accordance with the philosophical bundle theories of objects. However, models of visual persistence apply a notion of visual objects that is more similar to that endorsed in philosophical substratum theories. Here I discuss arguments that might show either that only one of the above notions of visual objects is adequate in the context of human vision, or that the category of visual objects is not uniform and contains entities properly characterized by different philosophical conceptions.

Metafizyczne teorie jednostkowego przedmiotu jako modele przedmiotu percepcji wzrokowej

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tom 6

Metaphisical theories of individual object as models of visual objectsIn the article the three main metaphysical theories of individual objects (the bare substratum theory, the bundle theory and the substratum theory) are interpreted as the models of visual objects. These models are tested according to the empirical data. The first part of the article discusses methodological issues concerning the procedure in which thesis of the metaphysical theories gain the empirical content. In the second part the models based on the metaphysical theories are tested according to the selected psychological data connected with detection, categorization and reidentification of visual objects. As the result of the testing the hypothesis is stated, saying that the models based on the different metaphysical theories are the proper models of the visual objects present on the different stages of the perceptual process.