Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Proces kształtowania nowego modelu relacji pomiędzy Kościołem a państwem w Republice Czeskiej po wyrównaniu majątkowym

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Menke M.

Kościół i Prawo

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2014

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nr 3 (16) nr 1

209-225

EN

This article analyses the contemporary legal situation of the churches and religious societies position in the Czech Republic, in the context of the newly approved Law No 428/2012 Coll., the property settlement with churches and religious societies of 2012/12/5, which came into effect on 2013/1/1. The process to this law was very difficult and lengthy. The law itself contains a natural restitution and a financial compensation as well. Newly configured model is based on a combination of a law and agreements with individual churches. This model tries to resolve a historic church property and also separate the churches and religious societies financial holding from the state in the future, and enable a churches financial self-sufficiency. Also, the article analyses new specific instruments of the Catholic Church, which are established for the management of its property in the Czech Republic.

2

KANONICKOPRÁVNÍ ŘEŠENÍ OBTÍŽNÝCH ŽIVOTNÍCH SITUACÍ TRVALÝCH JÁHNŮ

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Menke M.

Studia theologica

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2011

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tom 13

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nr 4

98–113

EN

The article attempts to evaluate the possible canonical solutions to certain painful situations related to the life and service of permanent deacons. It begins with a delimitation of the status of permanent deacons and consequently attempts to introduce a typology of issues connected with their situation. This arises out of various types of deacon life-status: permanent celibate deaconacy (within a diocese or in a certain institute of consecrated life or in an association of apostolic life), the non-celibate deaconacy of married men or the deaconacy of widowers. The canonical procedures deal with the laicization of a deacon – either of a married or a celibate one (at his own request or as an effect of a penalty) as well as with the case of a widowed married deacon intending to enter into a new marriage, for which case the canonical law appoints the impediment of sacred orders (can. 1087). Subsequently, additional procedures are described, as the proclamation of the invalidity of deaconal ordination, the dismissal from the clerical state of a religious deacon as well as the penalty dismissal from a religious institution, and other problematic situations. The author states that the canonical solutions predominantly appear only when the pastoral possibilities are exhausted and when it is necessary to solve the statutory issues or questions about the validity and liceity of certain acts.

3

Klauzura mniszek po konstytucji apostolskiej Vultum Dei quaerere

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Menke M.

Kościół i Prawo

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2017

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nr 6 (19) nr 1

91-114

PL

Celem artykułu jest zdefiniowanie klauzury w klasztorach mniszek całkowicie oddanych kontemplacji (zastosowaną na konkretnym przykładzie mniszek dominikanek) oraz przedstawienie zmiany jej rozumienia po ostatnim dokumencie papieskim z 2016 r. Dotychczas była to klauzura papieska, rozumiana jako przywilej i specyficzna forma oderwania się od świata. Papież Franciszek w konstytucji apostolskiej Vultum Dei quaerere określa formy klauzury, które mają być wzbogaceniem, a nie przeszkodą w życiu religijnym konkretnej wspólnoty i które są oparte o realne warunki klasztoru. Dlatego wzywa do rewizji sposobu patrzenia na realizację konkretnej formy klauzury mniszek w poszczególnych klasztorach w odniesieniu do ich własnej tradycji. Oferuje on teraz mniszkom możliwość zdecydowania się co do formy klauzury (niekoniecznie już papieskiej), zdefiniowania jej w ius proprium danego instytutu i zachowywanie tej formy po zatwierdzeniu przez Kongregację Instytutów Życia Konsekrowanego i Stowarzyszeń Życia Apostolskiego.

EN

The article aims with the definition of cloister nuns in monasteries focused solely on the contemplation (applied to a specific example of Dominican nuns) and changes in perception over the last papal document from the year 2016. It has always been papal cloister so far, conceived as a privilege and a specific way into seclusion from the world. Pope Francis in the Apostolic Constitution Vultum Dei quaerere provides some types of the cloisters, to be enriching and not an obstacle to the religious life of a specific community and are based on real conditions of the monastery. Therefore Pope Francis calls for a review of the looking at the implementation of specific forms of seclusion nuns in various convents in the context of their own tradition. He offers the Nuns the possibility to opt for some form of cloister (no longer necessarily the only papal cloister), modified it in the Ius proprium in the institute, and after confirmation of this form of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life, thus maintaining it.

4

Otázky náboženské svobody ve vyjádřeních dvou posledních papežů

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Menke M.

Studia theologica

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2016

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tom 2

119-134

EN

The article analyzes the expressions of Pope Benedict XVI and Pope Francis on the topic of religious freedom. It summarizes their main emphases and evaluates their attitudes. The pontificate of Pope Benedict XVI strongly supported human rights issues and religious freedom is therefore characteristic of this theme. This Pope focused on humanity and its dignity, emphasizing the transcendental foundation of human rights. Pope Francis places different emphases in this area, especially social and charity, in the context of current international relations and new forms of abuse and protection of religious freedom. The way he addresses contemporary secular society may also be a new impetus for discussion about freedom of conscience and religious freedom in search of a balance between fundamental human rights (e.g. freedom of speech vs. freedom of religion).

5

Výkon soudní moci v olomoucké arcidiecézi v letech 1917–1948

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Menke M.

Studia theologica

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2013

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tom 15

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nr 4

87-102

EN

This article deals with issues related to the activities of the ecclesiastical court in Olomouc in the canonic-legal, historical, religious-political context over the years 1917–1948. The Ecclesiastical Court is the institution through which the diocesan bishop (in this case, the Archbishop of Olomouc) habitually carries out his judicial power. Judicial power is this part of the power of governance in the Church by which the rights of physical or juridic persons are vindicated, juridic facts are declared and the penalty for delicts are imposed or declared. The judicial power, which judges judicial trials, must therefore be exercised in the manner prescribed by the law. The most frequent causes, which are decided by the ecclesiastical court of the diocese, consist of marriage trials. The Church court of Olomouc underwent numerous changes over the period of its existence which reflected not only the legislative changes in the Church, but also the actual situation within the Bohemian and Moravian Church at this time. The article summarizes not only the execution of the judicial power of the Church in general, but also the personal situation at the court. Tracing the individual types of the cases is more difficult because many archival materials have not been preserved.

6

Okrskové vikariáty – koordinační rovina řízení pastorace

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Menke M.

Studia theologica

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2014

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tom 4

95-107

EN

The vicariate forane connects parishes, as local communities, and dioceses, as the local (particulate) church. A forane vicar (dean), a close collaborator with the diocesan bishop, stands at its head. In this article, we have summarized the rights and obligations of the vicar as they are specified in the common law plus the particular normative of the Olomouc Archdiocese. The vicar competencies are implemented on three levels: the vicar relationship with his vicariate clergy, the vicar relationship with the laity of the vicariate, and the vicar relationship with his own bishop and the diocese leadership. The vicar function is pastoral‑coordination above all, not jurisdictional. The vicar role shifted administration-supervising to a more pastoral dimension, in contrast to the normative CIC/1917.

7

The Way to the Contractual Model of Anchoring Healthcare Chaplains in the Czech Legal System

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Menke M.

Biuletyn Stowarzyszenia Absolwentów i Przyjaciół Wydziału Prawa Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego

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2020

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tom 15

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nr 17 (2)

133-143

PL

Artykuł omawia stopniowe kroki prowadzące do prawnej bazy duszpasterstwa w systemie opieki zdrowotnej w Republice Czeskiej. Jest napisany zarówno ze stanowiska prawa wyznaniowego, jak i ze stanowiska teologii Kościoła katolickiego. Model czeski kształtował się stopniowo i nie odpowiada w pełni kanoniczno-prawnej definicji kapelana szpitalnego. Punktem wyjścia jest „superwyznaniowe” podejście, skoncentrowane na pacjencie, na jego bliskich, ale także na personelu szpitala, który w czeskim środowisku nie jest wyznaniowy (lub w przeważającej mierze katolicki). Model ten sprawdził się lepiej w tym środowisku niż model skupiony wyłącznie na udzielaniu sakramentów katolikom. Głównie dlatego, że interweniuje w środowisku, które nie spotyka się z chorobą (lub śmiercią) i ponieważ jest traktowany jako połączenie opieki duchowej, pewnego rodzaju psychologicznego i osobistego towarzyszenia ludzkiego, zwłaszcza w zrozumieniu sytuacji zagrażającej życiu i szukaniu zachęty, która w kontekście „bio-psycho-społeczno-duchowego” modelu człowieka skutkuje jego holistycznym uzdrowieniem.

EN

This paper discusses the gradual steps leading to the legal establishment of pastoral care in the health care system of the Czech Republic. It is written both from the position of confessional law and from the position of the theology of the Catholic Church. The Czech model was formed gradually and does not fully correspond to the definition of the healthcare chaplain in canon law. Its starting point is a superconfessional approach, focused on the patient, on his loved ones, but also on hospital staff, which in the Czech environment is not confessionally uniform (or predominantly Catholic). This model has worked better in this environment than the model focused solely on the provision of sacraments to Catholics. This is mainly because it deals with environments that do not encounter disease (or death) and because it is set up as a combination of spiritual care, some kind of psychological accompaniment and personal human accompaniment, especially in understanding life-threatening situations and seeking encouragement that can result in the context of the biopsycho-socio-spiritual model of man in holistic healing.

8

Udział świeckich w potestas regiminis Kościoła katolickiego

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Menke M.

Kościół i Prawo

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2013

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nr 2 (15) nr 2

101-113

EN

This article analyses the contemporary canonical-legal situation of lays in the relation to the execution of the Church power of governance. It undertakes this question on the field of executive after the position of the laity in some special cases. In the field of legislative is participation of the laity not to be expected. In the largest extent, the lays are involved into the exercise of the judicial power of the Church. Article describes the concrete possibilities of involvement of the lays into the work of Church tribunals as judges, defenders of the bond, promoters of justice, notaries, advocates, procurators and experts. This paper refers to multivalent interpretations of the possibility of participation of lays on the judicial power of the Church that comes out from norms comprised in c. 129 § 2 C.I.C. a c. 1421 § 2 C.I.C., as like as that if the lays can be the bearers of this power and on witch base, or if they only participate on its execution. In this field will be necessary to work out a theological base and to precise the legislation for the better formal precision and clarity of law in this sphere.

9

Interdiecézní soudy na území ČR

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Menke M.

Studia theologica

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2014

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tom 2

38-50

EN

In this article I first outline the general issues and the legal foundation of the Interdiocesan church courts which were founded in the 20th century as a legal instrument for the accessible exercise of the judicial power of the Church. I then deal with issues related to the activities of such courts in the Czech Republic. Both courts were created due to the lack of competent judges available to fulfil the staffing needs of first instance courts in each diocese, as canon law dictates. The Interdiocesan church tribunal Prague was founded in 1982 with its activity lasting until 2009 when the newly established diocesan courts in Hradec Králové, Plzeň and Prague became Metropolitan courts for the diocese of Prague, České Budějovice and Litoměřice. The Interdiocesan church tribunal Olomouc was established in 1997 for the diocese of Olomouc, Ostrava and Opava and has continued up to the present time.

10

Spiritual Care in Public Institution in Europe, eds. Jiří Rajmund Tretera and Záboj Horák. Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, 2019, 140 pp.

100%

Menke M.

Philosophy and Canon Law

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2021

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tom 7

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nr 2

1-3

EN

Spiritual Care in Public Institution in Europe, eds. Jiří Rajmund Tretera and Záboj Horák. Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, 2019, 140 pp.

11

Spiritual Care in Public Institutions in Europe. Eds. J. R. Tretera, Z. Horák, Z. Horák. Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, 2019, 140 pp.

100%

Menke M.

Ecumeny and Law

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2020

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tom 8

107-109

PL

Spiritual Care in Public Institutions in Europe. Eds. J. R. Tretera, Z. Horák, Z. Horák. Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, 2019, 140 pp. - the review.

12

Plenary Council in the Czech Republic (1997-2005)

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Menke M.

Ecumeny and Law

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2020

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tom 8

73-93

PL

This article analyses the preparation, process and conclusions of the Plenary Council of the Catholic Church in the Czech Republic held in 1997-2005. The Plenary Council was one of the few manifestations of the collegiality of the Czech Church, because the diocesan synods are not used here as a tool. The Decree on convocation of the Assembly was announced by the Czech and Moravian bishops on 5 July 1997 in Velehrad. The council was also an opportunity for priests and laity in the country to realise their responsibility for the Church and the co-responsibility of the Church for the condition of society. The Council had a preparatory phase (1997-2003), a stage of the 1st Session (July 2003), and a second phase of the Session (July 2005) where the project was completed and followed by the process of post-conciliar steps. Three final messages were the immediate output from the Second Plenary Session: the Message of the Council to the Public; the Message of the Council to the Believers of the Catholic Church and the Message of the Council to Christians in the Czech Republic. The resulting document was published in 2007 under the title The Life and Mission of Christians in the Church and the World. It was a document of a pastoral nature, in no way of a normative nature (no rules were actually adopted despite the work of the commission and the proposals). The Czech situation is described as “post-Christian missionary territory” there and - estimated the course of the conciliar process and of the Council itself - as an introduction of more intensive implementation of synodality in the Czech Church.

13

Organizacja i funkcjonowanie duszpasterstwa wojskowego w Republice Czeskiej

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Menke M.

Kościół i Prawo

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2015

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nr 4 (17) nr 1

89-102

PL

Artykuł dotyczy wykonywania specjalnego prawa akredytowanych Kościołów i związków wyznaniowych w Republice Czeskiej nt. powierzania osób wykonujących posługę religijną w Siłach Zbrojnych Republiki Czeskiej, czyli posługę kapelanów wojskowych. Model ten jest specyficzny w Czechach, zarówno od strony legislacyjnej, jak też organizacyjnej. Posługa duchownych w Armii Republiki Czeskiej ukonstytuowana została w Umowie o współpracy pomiędzy Armią Republiki Czeskiej, Ekumeniczną Radą Kościołów i Konferencją Episkopatu Czech oraz faktycznie ustanowiona rozkazem ministra obrony Republiki Czeskiej z 3 czerwca 1998 r. Artykuł streszcza ramy legislacyjne Kościołów w armii, charakterystykę organizacji posługi religijnej w RCz, oraz działalności Kościołów na tym obszarze. Główną treścią pracy kapelanów wojskowych jest ludzka formacja żołnierzy, działalność jest z zasady zupełnie amisyjna. Model jest ekumeniczny i różni się od zwykłego katolickiego rozumienia tej posługi.

EN

This article deals with exercising of the special law of accredited Churches and religious societies in the Czech Republic to authorize persons which pursue the pastoral activities into army system, it is to exercising the service of military chaplains. This model in Czech Republic is unique both on legislative, like as on organizational level. Military service in the Army was founded by the Agreement between the Ministry of Defence and the Ecumenical Council of Churches and the Czech Bishops’ Conference and the subsequent and established order of the Minister of Defence. The article summarizes the legislative framework for working of Churches in the army system; than describes the organization of military chaplaincy in the Czech Republic and Church activities in this area. The main content of work of military chaplains is the human formation of soldiers, action is essentially amissionary. This model is ecumenical one and different from the usual Catholic understanding of this service.

14

PRÁVO NA OBHAJOBU V KANONICKÉM TRESTNÍM PROCESU

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Menke M.

Studia theologica

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2013

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tom 15

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nr 2

153–167

EN

The article summarizes the options for the right to defence in the penal canonical process. The right to defence is one of the fundamental rights of believers. The relevant norms of the Code of Canon Law are to be found both in the part concerning the basic rights and obligations of believers, as well as in the part concerning the procedures. The requirement for the public good of the Church clearly states the need to allow this right of defence to be exercised in order to guarantee the fairness of the process and any imposition of a penalty. A violation of the rights to defence may cause irreparable defect to the invalidity of the judgement. The right to defence is guaranteed in the penal process particularly by the compulsory service of an advocate, the right of the accused to be heard and the right to object in the process of the trial.

15

DISPENS OD CELIBÁTU

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Menke M.

Studia theologica

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2012

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tom 14

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nr 3

91–101

EN

The article introduces the canonical procedure connected with requesting a dispensation of celibacy in the proper way. After an initial definition of the terminology (clergy, celibacy, dispensation) it briefly summarizes the development of legal norms from the Code of Canon Law from 1917 to the present times. Furthermore, it analyzes in detail the procedure for the request for a dispensation which must be asked separately in cases of requests for release from the spiritual status of the cleric (laicization) both priests and deacons. The article goes on to list the documents which are required for completion by the Ordinary within the instructional procedures before their being sent to the Congregation for the Clergy. Since this issue is not contained in the Codes, it primarily continues with an analysis of extra-canon-Code norms. In conclusion, the difficulties connected with the dispensation procedure are enumerated.

16

Przesłanie Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego w liście do „pobratymców w Czechosłowacji”

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Menke M.

Kościół i Prawo

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2018

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nr 7 (20) nr 1

75-91

PL

Artykuł dotyczy listu Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego do Czechów i Słowaków, przesłanego z okazji obchodów tysiąclecia chrześcijaństwa w Polsce w 1965 r. Jest to krótki list napisany w otwartej atmosferze zakończenia Soboru Watykańskiego II. Chociaż list ten nie był tak niezwykły, jak przesłanie skierowane do narodu niemieckiego, to w kontekście sytuacji braku wolności w Polsce i Czechosłowacji był wyrazem przyłączenia się, zachęcenia i afirmacji Czechów i Słowaków, że należą do wspólnej rodziny chrześcijańskich narodów Europy Środkowej, że ich kultura wyrasta ze wspólnych chrześcijańskich tradycji. Był zachętą w czasie prześladowań i ucisku dla ówczesnego Kościoła czeskiego. Świadomość tej tożsamości narodów może być szczytem i przypomnieniem korzeni całej Unii Europejskiej również dzisiaj.

EN

The aim of the article is the letter of Stephan Cardinal Wyszyński addressed to the Czechs and the Slovaks people and sent on the occasion of the celebration of a thousand years of Christianity in Poland in 1965. This letter is matter of interest, a short one, written in the open atmosphere at the end of the II Vatican Council. Although this letter was not so extraordinary as the message sent to the German nation, it was in the context of the situation of non-freedom in Poland and Czechoslovakia; it was an expression of joining, encouraging and affirming of the belonging of the Czechs and Slovaks to the common family of Christian nations of Central Europe, those culture grows from common Christian traditions. For the Czech Church, it was an incitement at the time of persecution and oppression. Awareness of this analogous identity of our nations can be an apex and a reminder of the roots of the whole of the European Union even today.

17

Pozycja prawna katolickich wydziałów teologicznych na terytorium Republiki Czeskiej od 1950 roku

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Menke M.

Kościół i Prawo

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2019

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nr 8 (21) nr 1

29-50

PL

Katolickie wydziały teologiczne na obecnym terytorium Republiki Czeskiej były aktem normatywnym w 1950 r. jednostronnie wydzielone z grona uniwersytetów, na których funkcjonowały często od ich historycznych początków. Jedynym oficjalnym wydziałem teologicznym do 1990 r. był Wydział Teologiczny Cyryla i Metodego w Pradze z siedzibą w Litomerice (którego oddział był częściowo zlokalizowany w Ołomuńcu w latach 1968-1974 jako miejsce pracy tego wydziału). Do grona uniwersytetów był możliwy powrót dopiero w 1990 r. po tzw. aksamitnej rewolucji. Od tego czasu ma miejsce stopniowe budowanie wydziałów teologicznych i poszukiwanie ich specyficznego miejsca w czeskim społeczeństwie. Artykuł podsumowuje proces ich wydzielenia i powrotu w perspektywie historii i prawa kanonicznego. Utworzenie wydziałów teologicznych ze strony Kościoła jest jednak w obecnym systemie prawnym Republiki Czeskiej ponownie jednym z wielu przejawów autonomii kościołów i związków wyznaniowych gwarantowanych przez prawo.

EN

In 1950, Catholic faculties of theology on the territory of the present-day Czech Republic were unilaterally excluded from the university structures by statute, despite their frequent affiliation with universities from the beginning. Until 1990, the only official theological faculty was the Saints Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Theology in Prague, with its seat in Litoměřice (the branch of which was partially located in Olomouc in 1968-1974 as an actually operating facility). The reincorporation of those faculties was not possible until 1990, after the Velvet Revolution. Since then we observe a gradual growth of theological faculties and a search for their unique place within the Czech society. The article recapitulates the process of their isolation and reincorporation in the historical and canon law perspective. However, the Church’s establishment of theological faculties is again one of the many manifestations of the autonomy of the Church and religious organisations, which is guaranteed by law in the current legal order of the Czech Republic.