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2007
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nr 4
165-197
EN
During the interwar period the attitude of the Americans and their state towards the Jewish Diaspora was less significant for the perception of international relations in general and trans-Atlantic ones in particular than after World war II. Nonetheless, it already disclosed a certain way of seeing Polish reality from the viewpoint of the Jewish minority. From the time of the May 1926 coup d'etat to the death of Marshal Pilsudski, pertinent assessments were much more favourable than was the case both earlier and later. This approach was affected by the conditions prevailing in Poland and comparisons with the situation of the Jews in other countries. In the former instance, the heart of the matter concerned the post-May 1926 relegation from power of the anti-Jewish rightist and centrist parties. Moreover, the range of the opinions was influenced by the restrictive national policy applied towards other ethnic minorities, especially after 1935. Taking into consideration the scale of references defined by Jewish experiences in other parts of the world - persecutions in Palestine during the late 1920s, or the circumstances in Germany after Hitler seized power in 1933, the situation of the Polish Jews appeared to be favourable. This was also the way in which it was considered by the American authorities and the Jewish organisations active in the USA.
EN
In January 1919, Vilnius was seized by the Bolsheviks, but on April 19, Polish Army units entered the city. On April 21, Vilnius was fully under Polish control. This was when several tens of Jews were killed by firing squad without a trial. There was American involvement in the attempt to clarify the Vilnius developments, including envoy Hugh Gibson, President of the American Jewish Committee Louis Marshall and Henry Morgenthau, chairman of the U.S. mission in Poland. A Report on the Occurrences in Wilna, Presented to the Polish Government by the Jewish Community of Wilna was preserved among Morgenthau's documents. The report indicates that Polish troops oppressed the Vilnius Jews. Additionally, the Morgenthau files contain a deposition by Leon Jaffe, a well known Jewish writer and Zionist. The files of the U.S. Department of State contain a report by Szalom Asz, an outstanding Jewish writer born in Polish lands.
PL
Aktywność fizyczna stanowi ważny obszar codziennej aktywności człowieka. Warunkuje ona zdrowie, prawidłowy rozwój oraz dobre samopoczucie. Głównym celem pracy było określenie poziomu aktywności fizycznej podejmowanej przez studentów kierunków Turystyka i Rekreacja oraz Informatyka Państwowej Szkoły Wyższej im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej. Do oceny poziomu aktywności fizycznej dużych grup ludzi służą najczęściej techniki kwestionariuszowe. W niniejszej pracy zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego z wykorzystaniem Międzynarodowego Kwestionariusza Aktywności Fizycznej IPAQ. Dominowały osoby o wysokiej aktywności. Studenci Turystyki okazali się być aktywniejsi od swoich kolegów z Informatyki. Wyższą aktywnością wykazali się również studenci z Białorusi w stosunku do studentów z Polski. Nie stwierdzono wyraźnych różnic w strukturze aktywności kobiet i mężczyzn oraz pomiędzy osobami o prawidłowym wskaźniku BMI, a osobami, u których wykracza on poza normy.
EN
Physical activity is an important area in the human’s everyday activity. It determines our health, correct development and well-being. The main objective of this research was to determine the level of physical activity maintained by Tourism and Recreation and IT students at the Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska. In order to assess the level of physical activity of large groups, we most often incorporate questionnaire techniques. This work utilises the diagnosticpoll method, together with the implementation of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). People with high activity were the most numerous group in the research, and Tourism students turned out to be more active than their peers studying IT. There were no significant discrepancies in the activity layout of men and women, and between people with adequate BMI and those exceeding it.
EN
The aim of the present study was to determine the levels of selected hematological and immune indices in growers transported from the rearing unit to the fattening facility. Blood samples were analyzed for the white blood cell count and the leucogram profile. IgA, IgM, and IgG immunoglobulin contents as well as lysozyme concentration were determined in serum. The hematological evaluation indicated a significant impact of the transfer to the fattening unit on the WBC picture. In fatteners aged 11 weeks, an elevated level of neutrophils with a concomitant decline in lymphocyte numbers was observed. A higher concentration of dust as well as chemical and microbial contaminants determined in the air of the fattening unit also affected immunoglobulin concentration and lysozyme content.
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