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3 Naše řeč (Our Speech)
1 Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

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Forvo.com: pohled fonetický

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Machač P. , Škrabal M.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

2021

tom 104

nr 4

243-255

In this article, we examine the audio material collected by crowdsourcing methods in the Czech section of the portal forvo.com, which is unique worldwide in terms of the number of languages, audio recordings and users. Our aim is to assess the possible representativeness (with respect to the standard norm of Czech and/or naturalness) of the recordings for phonetic research and also for the purposes of non-native lay users. We selectively focus on perceptually conspicuous, mostly hypercorrect deviations from natural pronunciation (when the assimilation of voicing or place of articulation does not occur), but we also deal with phenomena that are non-orthoepic yet established in spontaneous speech (such as frequent phonetic reductions and devoicing). These deviations from natural speech behaviour can be attributed chiefly to the unnatural speech situation that lay speakers find themselves in when they are being recorded, and their adherence to the written form of the recorded entries. Based on the findings, we evaluate the Czech part of the forvo.com portal as being rather unusable for ordinary phonetic research, and as being usable, though only with caution, to a non-native lay user, with no claim to full representativeness.

Parallel articulation: the phonetic base and the phonological potentiality

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Machač P. , Zíková M.

nr 1

3-20

This paper deals with the perceptual salience and intelligibility of reduced segments, both vowels and consonants, in casual Czech. It focuses on a specific type of reduction in which two neighboring sounds (e.g. a VC sequence) are pronounced simultaneously, thereby giving rise to an alternative segment which does not occur in standard Czech phonology, e.g. a nasalized vowel. These segments constitute a category of parallel articulation as phonetic features of both of the segments are realized at the same time. We hypothesize that parallel-articulated segments, despite having originated as a consequence of purely phonetic processes, do in fact act distinctively in the context of casual speech. For this purpose, an experiment was designed in which the target segments were used in sentence pairs differing only in the parallel-articulated item, and the capability of listeners to identify the intended meaning of each sentence was tested. It showed that listeners do in fact treat the target segments as distinctive which suggests that these sounds might function as phonologically autonomous segments in the everyday communication of Czech speakers. In addition, an important role in the segment identification is also to be assigned to non-phonetic factors, such as the frequency and expectability of a particular word.

a2_Nabízí se tak možnost uvažovat o paralelně artikulovaných segmentech jako o jednotkách, které jsou v běžně mluvené češtině fonologicky autonomní. Identifikovatelnost významu vět a slov nicméně závisí do jisté míry i na nefonetických faktorech, jako je frekvence slova a očekávatelnost významu výpovědi.

Distantní asimilace znělosti a signalizace hranice slov v češtině - případ pobočných slabik:

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Machač P. , Zíková M.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

2020

tom 103

nr 3

189-211

In our study, we take a closer look at one specific context realization of the liquids [r] and [l],namely their extrasyllabic variant, e.g. rty ‘lips’ or lžíce ‘spoon’. Being relatively rare in Czech and occurring only in the word initial position, extrasyllabic liquids exhibit a rather atypical behavior in at least two respects: (1) they do not follow the standard principles of voicing assimilation in Czech, and (2) they are articulated differently from their syllabic counterparts. A set of constructed sentences rich in the target phenomenon was designed and read by 34 speakers of Czech. Type and voicing of the consonants preceding and following the liquids as well as the preceding word’s status were taken into consideration. Overall, 1,250 items were analyzed. The analysis shows that (1) extrasyllabic liquids exhibit a strong tendency towards distant regressive voicing assimilation, with the obstruent immediately following the extra-syllabic liquid being responsible for the voicing of the obstruent immediately preceding the liquid, e.g.: líbat rty [liːbat r̩tɪ] vs. pět lžic [pjed lž̩ ɪc]; (2) extrasyllabic liquids are systematically realized with a long initial vocal element, thereby cueing the immediately preceding word boundary, as displayed in different realization of the pair lotr děl [lotr̩ďel] (syllabic realization) vs. Lot rděl [lotərďel] (extrasyllabic realization).

Míra rušivosti parazitních zvuků v řeči mediálních mluvčích

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Skarnitzl R. , Machač P.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

2012

tom 95

nr 1

3-14

The paper describes the intrusive effect of what have been called parasitic sounds, namely preglottalization and the epenthetic schwa. These parasitic sounds seem to be, from the linguistic point of view, non-systemic and unjustified, but occur relatively frequently in Czech media speech, while not so often in ordinary situations. The results indicate that both phenomena are perceived by listeners as intrusive, though to a differen extent, based on both the segment to which they are attached and on selected acoustic properties.