A Lévy process on Rd with distribution }μ at time 1 is denoted by Xμ = {Xμt}, If the improper stochastic integral [formula] of f with respect to Xμ is definable, its distribution is denoted by Ф∫(μ). The class of all infinitely divisible distributions μ on Rd such that Ф∫(μ) is definable is denoted by D(Φ∫). The class D(Φ∫), its two extensions Dc(Φ∫) and Des(Φ∫) (compensated and essential), and its restriction D0(Φ∫)(absolutely definable) are studied. It is shown that Des(Φ∫) is monotonic with respect to ∫, which means that |f2| ≤ |f1| implies Des(Φ∫1) ⊂ Des(Φ∫2). Further D0Φf is monotonic with respect to ∫ but neither D(Φ∫) nor D0(Φ∫)is monotonic with respect to ∫. Furthermore, there exist μ, ∫1 and ∫2 such that 0 ≤∫2 ∫1, and μ∈D(Φ∫1), and μ ∉D(Φ∫2) An explicit example for this is related to some properties of a class of martingale Levy processes.
Long-range order parameters of 10-nm-sized single L10-FePd nanoparticles were determined by nano-beam electron diffraction with the aid of intensity calculation. Particle thickness was measured by electron holography using a theoretical mean inner potential. Obtained order parameters were S = 0.84 and S = 0.70 for particles with sizes of 9.7 and 7.8 nm, respectively, which are comparable with the mean order parameter determined by the selected area electron diffraction.
In Japan, it is becoming difficult to move freight long distances using only trucks, owing to a shortage in truck drivers. In this context, there is a tendency to also actively utilize ferries or roll-on/roll-off (RORO) ships. Intermodal freight transport uses two or more suitable modes of transport from the origin of goods to the destination. In order to promote intermodal freight transport, it is necessary to analyze factors such as the characteristics of transported goods, transportation services and fares, and lot sizes. In this study, we focused on ferries and RORO ships in Japan, and attempted to identify cargoes transported using different modes of transport, based on the net freight flow census. In conclusion, high volumes of “agricultural and fishery products,” “metal machinery,” “chemical industrial,” “light industrial,” and “miscellaneous manufacturing products” can be transported using ferries or RORO ships. Specifically, there is a tendency that products are segregated by transportation mode such as a truck, or a ferry and a RORO ship.
The Eco-Shipping Project has conducted demonstrative experiments since the beginning of this year using about 40 vessels including coastal cement carriers, oil tankers, and ro-ro ships supported by the Ministry of the Environment. The goal of this project is to reduce fuel and CO₂ emission by 15%. The authors developed a voyage speed planning system which calculates a vessel optimum speed plan that takes into account weather forecast information and generates minimized fuel consumption for an operation. This paper describes an approach to optimize speed profiles on ship just-in-time voyages to save fuel and reduce CO₂ emissions, and introduces some cases of experimental results.
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In this paper we investigate certain properties of semi-totalistic cellular automata (CA) on the well known quasi-periodic kite and dart two dimensional tiling of the plane presented by Roger Penrose. We show that, despite the irregularity of the underlying grid, it is possible to devise a 6-state semi-totalistic CA capable of simulating any boolean circuit and any Turing machine on this aperiodic tiling.
During a student dissection course held at the Tokyo Women’s Medical University, in a 91-year-old human female cadaver we encountered a very rare case of a hypoplastic right external iliac artery. It continued into the normal femoral artery by anastomoses formed with the enlarged obturator and deep circumflex iliac arteries. While the obturator artery originated from the anterior branch of the internal iliac artery, the deep circumflex iliac artery was supplied by the iliolumbar artery, which in turn formed a common stem to arise from the lateral sacral artery Whether the hypoplastic external iliac artery arose developmentally or secondarily could not be discerned, but the case nevertheless provides important information regarding the arterial anlage between the pelvis and lower extremity. The case is also clinically significant in that it indicates a possible collateral pathway if the external iliac artery is occluded or ischaemia.
The smokybrown cockroach Periplaneta fuliginosa has spread all over the world, and is now one of the most undesired invasive alien pests in Japan. Because cockroaches are generally infected by thelastomatid nematodes, they are being distributed around the world with their parasitic nematodes. Nothing is known about parasitic nematode species in P. fuliginosa differences, or similarity of the parasite’s population structures between the different countries of the host cockroaches. Here we investigated the P. fuliginosa invasive to Japan and found that 100% of individuals were infected with one nematode species. According to the morphology and the sequence of the D2/D3 expansion segment of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene, we identified the parasite as Leidynema appendiculata. This nematode reproduced by haplodiploidy and its developmental timing under various conditions is quite divergent. Their population in the hindgut of P. fuliginosa was controlled with a few adult females and a male. This is the first report of the thelastomatid nematode isolated from the smokybrown cockroach, and is the basis for our future research examining the origin, distribution route and immigration history of the cockroach and the impact of L. appendiculata on native Japanese cockroach species.