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Content available remote Functioning conditions of small basinbogs in Wielkopolski National Park
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EN
The hydrological and geochemical aspects of the functioning and evolution of two small peatbogs located in Wielkopolska National Park were studied. The investigated peatlands are isolated from the influence of catchment ground waters. The main source of water supply is precipitation and surface run-off from the wooded catchment. Physical and chemical properties of the peatland waters are determined by hydrological conditions. Acid water reaction and low concentration of dissolved minerals suggest the peatlands should be classified as ombrotrophic high peatbogs. High concentrations of nutrients (especially phosphorus) were found in the peat waters. However, the bioavailability of the phosphorus is strongly limited due to the presence of humic substances and the low pH of the water. Statistical analysis revealed that the peatlands studied were chemically similar.
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Content available remote May a cormorant colony be a source of coliform and chemical pollution in a lake?
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EN
Studies on the influence of a perennial cormorant colony on chemical and microbial pollution of a reservoir were conducted in Chrzypskie Lake. During the investigation carried out between 2009-2010 in the area of the colony, 155-175 breeding pairs were observed. High pollution of groundwater with biogenic elements and coliform bacteria (together with E. coli) was recorded within the boundaries of the colony. Pollutants migrated to the lake together with groundwater. Mean values of the analyzed forms of biogenic elements and bacteria formed a gradient from the highest values recorded near the colony to the lowest ones recorded in the central part of the lake.
EN
Cormorants feed in aquatic ecosystems and transport a large amount of biomass and chemical substances to colonies or roosts situated on land adjacent to the water. This leads to significant enrichment of soils in nutrients. Some loads of nutrients may be transferred to a nearby lake. A long-term impact of cormorants may be followed by the destruction of vegetation beneath the colony. Within a few decades, cormorants lose places suitable for nesting or roosting and abandon the colonies. Then the content of nutrients in the soil decreases and natural regeneration of vegetation occurs. We found that despite the passage of several years since the abandonment of a cormorant colony, the concentration of nutrients in the soil remained high. Groundwater beneath the colony was also strongly enriched with nutrients. Thus, despite the absence of a bird being a source of nutrients, the area of the former colony constantly supplies nitrogen and phosphorus into the nearby lake. The occurrence of vegetation in the area of the former cormorant colony is limited to a few species. Nitrophilous black elder Sambucus nigra, usually creates a dense canopy preventing the light penetration, thereby reducing the growth of other plants.
EN
The objective of the study was to estimate transport of dissolved organic carbon from the area of cormorant colonies located in northern Poland. The investigations were carried out on two morphologically differentiated colonies located on lake islands. In the case of the colony characterised by significant slope inclination – the main path of transfer of water and DOC was surface runoff. During the breeding season, surface runoff waters from the cormorant colony contained an average of 380 mg DOC dm⁻³. In the case of the colony with small land elevation, surface transfer of DOC occurred mainly via shallow groundwater. Average concentration of DOC in groundwater of that colony was 64 mg DOC dm⁻³.
PL
Celem badań było oszacowanie wielkości wymywania i dróg transportu rozpuszczonego węgla organicznego (DOC) z obszarów kolonii kormoranów do przyległych jezior. Badania prowadzono na dwóch zróżnicowanych morfologicznie koloniach. W obrębie kolonii charakteryzującej się znacznym nachyleniem stoków dominował spływ powierzchniowy, który w okresie lęgowym kormoranów zawierał średnio 380 mg DOC dm⁻³. W kolonii charakteryzującej się płaskim terenem transport DOC zachodził głównie wraz z płytkimi wodami gruntowymi. Średnia koncentracja RWO w płytkich wodach gruntowych wynosiła 64 mg RWO dm⁻³.
EN
It is generally claimed that surface runoff in forested catchments is minimal and therefore nutrient fluxes via runoff are unimportant. However, significant catchment slope inclination may promote overland water flow and, therefore, surface runoff might be responsible for transferring important nutrient loads to the lake. It was found that surface runoff waters within the catchment of Piaseczno Małe Lake have low pH (4.7-5.6), brown colour (max. 240 mgPt・dm⁻³), and high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (max. ca 100 mgC・dm⁻³) – a major component of humic acids. Moreover, considerably high concentrations of biogenic substances were noted. Compared to beech-growing areas, surface runoff from pine forests contained higher concentrations of organic carbon, but lower concentrations of biogenic substances – differences were statistically significant. Similar tendencies were observed in the laboratory experiment. Moreover, the release of chemical substances from forest litter was found to be rapid. The most significant increase in nitrogen and phosphorus ions concentration and water colour and a decrease of pH were observed after the first hour of the experiment. Fluctuations of the colour and pH of the lake water (with the most intense brown colour and the lowest pH of the lake water observed in the periods of the highest rainfall and surface runoffs) indicate a significant role of surface runoff in the determination of the dystrophic condition of Piaseczno Małe Lake.
EN
Investigations of the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in Lake Czarne were conducted in fall 2005 and spring 2006. Samples were taken in three transects (at a depth of 0.5 m and at 5 m intervals). It was noted that macrobenthos only inhabit depths to 10 m. Laminar sediments from 15 m to 29 m indicate that macrobenthos never inhabit the deepest part of the lake in spite of temporary oxygen abundance (between 15 and 20 m during the winter and spring mixing periods). The largest diversity and biomass of macrozoobenthos was observed in the littoral zone at a depth of 0.5 m. At a depth of 5 m in the characean stands and at a depth of 10 m the number and biomass of benthic macroinvertebrates were significantly smaller. The reason for the decrease of benthos density seems to be gradual oxygen depletion.
EN
This study presents and discusses the result of research on the chemical composition of bottom sediments of throughflow lakes located in Drawieński National Park. Basic hydrochemical indicators of the studied sediments are discussed: total organic carbon (Corg), total nitrogen (Ntot), and the C_org/N_tot ratio, which shows the rate of organic matter mineralization. The research and the analysis of the results show that the quality of the studied sediments changed with their distribution in the lake basin. The highest C_org and N_tot values were noted in sediments accumulated in the maximum depth of each lake, and at the inflow and outflow from the first lake in the whole cascade of throughflow lakes. Low C_org/N_tot ratios indicate that most of the sedimentary organic matter in the throughflow lakes comes from aquatic organism production, but the small participation of land-plant organic matter delivered to the lakes is also shown.
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