Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Oskarżeni o zatruwanie

100%

Sutkowski M.

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nr 08

2

Wärtsilä 18V50SG - the world's biggest four-stroke spark-ignited gas engine

100%

Sutkowski M.

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tom R. 50, nr 3

EN

In 2010 Wärtsilä introduced brand new four-stroke spark-ignited lean-burn gas engine to its portfolio. The new engine generates close to 19MW of power with efficiency about 46%. The product follows market needs and expectations for decentralised power generation combined with reliable and flexible operation. In this paper technical specification of the Wärtsilä 180V50SG will be presented. The description will include development background as well as the engine operation performance, emission levels and fuel requirements. The main components of the engine and applied technology will be also described. Finally, some typical applications of the Wärtsilä 18V50SG will be shown including the newest power plant concept for high-efficiency decentralised power generation. The most significant operational features of the engine will be also covered in this paper.

PL

W 2010 roku Wärtsilä wprowadziła do oferty nowy czterosuwowy silnik gazowy o zapłonie iskrowym spalający mieszanki ubogie. Nowy silnik ma moc nominalna prawie 19MW i charakteryzuje się sprawnością 46%. Ten nowy produkt jest odpowiedzią na zapotrzebowanie rynku silników gazowych oraz rosnących oczekiwań branży zdecentralizowanej energetyki charakteryzującej się wysoka pewnością działania oraz elastycznością pracy obiektów. Artykuł zaprezentuje dane techniczne silnika Wärtsilä 18V50SG. Opis będzie również zawierał tło całego procesu rozwoju nowego silnika oraz parametry operacyjne silnika takie jak osiągi, emisje oraz wymogi odnośnie paliwa gazowego, którym silnik może być zasilany. Dodatkowo najważniejsze komponenty silnika oraz zastosowana technologia zostaną uwzględnione w artykule. Ponadto artykuł przedstawi tez typowe zastosowania silnika Wärtsilä 18V50SG obejmując również najnowsza elektrownie koncepcyjna dla zdecentralizowanej wysokosprawnej energetyki. Ta część obejmuje również główne aspekty pracy tego silnika.

3

Improving spark-ignited engines efficiency by heat energy recovery system

100%

Sutkowski M.

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2015

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tom R. 54, nr 2

64--67

EN

The current trends in regulations changes focus more and more on emissions reduction. Earlier environment protection mechanisms covering emissions limits of particulates, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides and carbon monoxide were recently extended also to cover carbon dioxide emissions. One way to reduce carbon dioxide emission is the improvement of the efficiency of a powertrain system or main driver efficiency. This paper explains main limitations for efficiency improvement when conventional methods are used. The effective heat energy recovery system principles and its technical specification are described including its control principles. System was initially tested in the engine laboratory and experience from the laboratory tests is included in the paper. After successful and promising laboratory tests the solution was transferred to commercial operation which covered already period of more than 2 years. Statistics and operational data from commercial operation is shown with relevant examples of various operational modes. At the end of the paper simple feasibility study is shown. Alternative applications with basic evaluation of their feasibility and efficiency improvement potential are included in this paper as well.

4

Methane direct injection system for spark ignition engines – a preliminary analysis

63%

Sutkowski M. , Teodorczyk A.

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tom Vol. 10, No. 3-4

365-371

EN

Results of the preliminary numerical study of the methane direct injection system for spark ignition engines are reported. Poor penetration and mixing of the gaseous fuel jet with the air in the engine cylinder create serious difficulties in choosing right injection parameters especially for the nearTDC injection when very short time for mixing is available. The twodimensional numerical simulations of the methane direct injection system were performed with the use of the KIVA3V computer code. The presented results of numerical analysis enable an estimation of the influence of injection timing and direction on the mixing process and combustible mixture zone width and position. These results create the base for the further numerical investigation of the engine combustion system with methane direct injection, which will be performed together with experimental research.

5

Projekty badawcze Unii Europejskiej dotyczące wodoru

63%

Teodorczyk A. , Sutkowski M.

Zeszyty Instytutu Pojazdów / Politechnika Warszawska

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2004

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tom z. 4/55

43-52

6

Przyrosty masy ciała jagniąt kilku ras tuczonych mieszankami o różnej wartości pokarmowej

63%

Dabrowska J. , Sutkowski M.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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1988

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tom 352

RU

Соответствующие опыты проводились на 56 баранчиках четырех генотипов: нольской низинной овцы, помесей F₁ ♀ польской низинной овцы х ♂ „вжосувка" (польская овца шубного типа), чистопородная „вжосувка" и финская овца. После отъема баранчиков откармливали в двух группах, разнящихся содержанием белка и сырого волокна в рационе. Ягнят взвешивали на протяжении всего периода выращивания и откорма вплоть до убоя, при построении кривых роста. Установлено, что польская низинная овца не реагировала существенно на изменения режима кормления. Не установлено существенных разниц в суточных привесах между польской низинной овцой и помесями. У помесей установлен гетерозис в средних суточных привесах: в группе I - 10,15%, а в группе II - 12,23%.

EN

The respective experiment was carried out on 56 ram-lambs of four genotypes: Polish lowland sheep, F₁ crosses ♀ Polish lowland sheep x ♂ Polish fur-cloak sheep („wrosówka"), purebred Polish full-cloak sheep and Finnish sheep. After weaning the ram-lambs were fed in two feeding groups differing with the protein and crude fibre content. Lambs were weighed throughout the whole rearing and fattening period till the slaughter and growth curves were plotted. It has been found that the Polish curves were plotted. It has been found that the Polish lowland sheep did not react signicantly to the nutrition level. No significant differences in daily weight gains between the Polish lowland sheep and the crosses were found, whereas highly significant differences were observed between the remaining breeds. In orosses heterosis in mean weight gains amounting in the group I to 10.15% and in the group II to 12.23% was found.

7

Ciekłe biopaliwa w energetyce. Cz. I

63%

Sutkowski M. , Rajewski A.

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2009

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tom Nr 9

30-30

8

Influence of oxygen concentration on combustion characteristics of hydrocarbon-air mixtures under high temperature and pressure

51%

Kanno A. , Kawakami T. , Sutkowski M. , Teodorczyk A.

Journal of KONES

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2006

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tom Vol. 13, No. 2

197-203

EN

The emission of NOx, SOx, HC and CO2 from internal combustion engines is still a major issue in the development of modern engines. Especially for new concepts, like EGR (Exhaust gas recirculation), developed, detailed information about the pollutant formation is required. However, the experiments of actual standard engines are generally very complicated processes including the residual gas from the last cycle and the flow in an engine cylinder. Thus, experimental data measured using actual engines become unreliable. To obtain the essential data on combustion of hydrocarbon-CO2-N2-O2 mixtures, the experiments have been performed under conditions of high temperature and pressure, which are achieved by a spark ignited opposed rapid compression machine. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The maximum burning pressure decreases with decreasing oxygen concentration at same EGR ratio. (2) The total burning time decreases with decreasing the concentration of O2 in methane-COx-N2-O2 and propane-CO2-N2-O2 mixtures. (3) The reduction ratio of flame speed is relatively larger on the fuel rich side than that on the lean side. Numerical modeling was focused on the influence of EGR ratio on exhaust emission. Methane fuel was used in the modeling

9

Polaryzacyjny system analizy obrazów z filtrem ciekłokrystalicznym

51%

Sutkowski M. , Garbat P. , Walczak A.

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2008

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tom Vol. 49, nr 9

50-52

PL

W pracy przedstawiono nowatorski element polaryzacyjny, jakim jest spektralno-polaryzacyjny filtr ciekłokrystaliczny. Zaprezentowano i omówiono budowę systemu obrazowania z wykorzystaniem tego elementu. Zaproponowano metodę numerycznej analizy obrazów spolaryzowanych do detekcji obiektów posiadających cechy polaryzacyjne. Zaprezentowano także przykładowe wyniki eksperymentalne.

EN

New polarization component based on liquid crystal technology is presented (LC filter). The use of LC filter in digital imaging system is shown. Method of numerical analysis of polarized images to detect polarazing objects is proposed. Finally some experimental results are shown.

10

Przetwarzanie cyfrowe obrazów spolaryzowanych

51%

Garbat P. , Sutkowski M. , Walczak A.

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2008

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tom Vol. 49, nr 9

21-24

PL

Metody analizy stopnia polaryzacji we współczesnych systemach obrazowania z cyfrowym przetwarzaniem obrazu zdobywają coraz większą popularność. W klasycznym ujęciu systemy przetwarzania i analizy obrazu bazują na informacji zakodowanej w zmianach intensywności. Podejście to nie pozwala jednak na detekcję elementów sceny (lub obiektów) różniących się tylko stopniem polaryzacji. W celu usprawnienia systemów wizyjnych dla tego typu sceny stosowane są metody analizy polaryzacji, znane jako metody PDI (Polarization Difference Imaging). W proponowanym rozwiązaniu zastosowano w układzie akwizycji specjalizowany filtr LC. Filtr LC z cyrkularno-planarną strukturą posiada transmitancję reprezentowaną przy pomocy zbioru funkcji ortogonalnych. W artykule przedstawiono zintegrowaną metodę przetwarzania i analizy obrazów spolaryzowanych w celu wydobycia informacji polaryzacyjnej.

EN

Methods of polarization analysis in imaging systems are quite new approach. Standard image processing and analysis systems are based on intensity information. Common systems do not allow to detect details of the scene (or objects) which can have quite identical luminance level and differ only with the polarization stage. To improve visual systems methods of polarization analysis are used, known as a class of Polarization Difference Imaging (PDI). The use of liquid crystals (LC) in PDI was proposed in 2002. In this work specific LC filter and setup for image acquisition and analysis are used. LC filter with circular-planar LC alignment can be characterized by transmission properties represented as a orthogonal set of functions. This paper presents setup and a integrated method to estimate the polarization and photometric information of a single view images differ in phase. A chain of digital image processing methods is implemented.

11

Optical data storage in LC cells

45%

Sutkowski M. , Grudniewski T. , Zmijan R. , Parka J. , Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki E.

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tom Vol. 14, No. 4

335-337

EN

Liquid crystal devices as a medium for holograms storage have been investigated. Long term memory effects in LC cells have been observed. Experiments proved that certain combination of insulating alignment layers has a major influence on the long term memory effect. Optimal liquid crystal cell construction allows us to achieve sufficient diffraction efficiency to record holographic patterns and to develop a re-writable holographic medium. The configuration of PVK and polyimide layers in LC cell construction with specific LC mixture was tested. The method of permanent and re-writable recording of optical data (holographic pattern) onto LC cells was achieved. However, the method of erasing recorded data was realized but mechanisms of this phenomenon are not clearly understood yet.

12

Determination of Hydrogen-propane Condensation Curve

45%

Jasiński D. , Kapusta L. , Teodorczyk A. , Mazuro P. , Sutkowski M.

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tom Vol. 30 nr 1-2

53-61

EN

Stricter environmental legislations make necessary or even profitable the utilization of gases that are by-products from different production processes and which have been wasted so far. To design the most suitable utilization technology for these gases a detailed knowledge of their properties is required. The parameters of vapour-liquid phase change are crucial for fuel handling. The physical and chemical properties of most commonly used gases are well known but the broad variety of gases produced during different industrial processes has not been investigated yet. The simple, fast and precise method of determination of their condensation curve is very useful. The determination of condensation curve for a gas composed mainly of hydrogen and propane has been described. The measurement method and testing equipment is universal and can be used for various compositions of gases and is also very suitable for gases containing a significant amount of hydrogen.