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JAK WITRAŻ. RELIGIA I TOŻSAMOŚĆ W BIOGRAFICZNYM DOŚWIADCZENIU POLAKÓW NA WSPÓŁCZESNYM KRYMIE

100%

Borowik I.

nr 1(147)

207-224

This article presents the relations between identity and religion based on biographical interviews with people of Polish decent currently living in Crimea. Poles in Crimea are a minority functioning in a multinational context, among 134 other nations. According to the last census nearly 4,000 people declared membership of the Polish group. The conducted research shows that persons of Polish decent are dispersed, constituting larger clusters in cities such as Simferopol, Sevastopol or Yalta. It is there that after 1991 Roman-Catholic parishes and associations of Poles have been established. The objectives of the associations are to integrate the dispersed communities, safeguard the remembrance of history and culture, as well as maintain ties with the homeland. The article considers the role of religion in relation to identity on three levels: the construction, maintainability, and change of identity. On the first level, a significant element repeatedly mentioned in the biographical narratives is baptism, as an initiation into the religious community, and celebrating Christmas and Easter. Baptism in the Orthodox rite was frequent in the researched group and, as it occurred, was a path to changing one's identity; similarly to mixed marriages. What is interesting, in maintaining one's identity an important role is played by identifying Polishness with Catholicism, also in the group of people who have a complex, contextual identity and, depending on this context, identify themselves as Poles or Russians. In all cases the recollections of lost coherent national and religious identity among the ancestors are kept alive. They are important in maintaining one's identity and take part in constructing the boundaries of group identity, mainly in relation to the Russians as a dominant group, and in differentiating Catholicism from Orthodoxy. In these comparisons Poles are characterized by higher culture, spirituality, linkages with the European tradition and the ability to treasure it. These functions are strengthened by a revival of Catholicism in Crimea, possible after the collapse of the Soviet Union and enabling the respondents to manifest the links between this religion and Polishness by means of participating in religious practices and organizing activities in a few Roman Catholic parishes.

Od sekularyzacji do powrotu religii na scenę publiczną: trendy rozwojowe światowej socjologii religii z uwzględnieniem dorobku lubelskiej szkoły socjologii religii w Polsce

100%

Borowik I.

nr 4

93-110

Artykuł przedstawia kluczowe etapy rozwoju socjologii religii, a na tym tle prezentowane jest znaczenie badań naukowych w tym zakresie, prowadzonych na Katolickim Uniwersytecie Lubelskim. Pierwszą fazę rozwoju prezentują klasycy socjologii religii, Emilé Durkheim i Max Weber, których zręby rozumienia religii są wkomponowane w całościowe wizje społeczeństwa. Oni też w swoich teoriach zawarli przesłanki dla rozumienia sekularyzacji, które były rozwijane przez następne pokolenia socjologów religii. Autorka stawia tezę, że teorie sekularyzacji i dyskusje wokół niej były ważnym elementem powstania nowych teorii, w tym ważnej koncepcji religii publicznej José Casanovy. Na tle światowych trendów w rozwoju socjologii religii zaprezentowane są osiągnięcia socjologów pracujących na Katolickim Uniwersytecie Lubelskim, których dorobek badawczy i publikacyjny zyskał miano lubelskiej szkoły socjologii religii. Wśród nich szczególnie zasłużyli się ks. Franciszek Mirek, ks. Józef Majka, ks. Władysław Piwowarski i ks. Janusz Mariański, których najważniejsze zasługi są w artykule omówione, na tle rozwoju dyscypliny w Polsce.

The article present crucial points in development of sociology of religion, and the role of research conducted at Catholic University of Lublin is presented at this background. The first faze is presented by achievements of classics in the field, Emilé Durkheim i Max Weber, who their understanding of religion implemented to the holistic concepts of society. They also in their theories observed some elements of secularization process, that later were developed by the next generations of sociologists of religion. Author thesis is that theories of secularization were formative for development of the reflection on the changing social role of religion and had an impact on further theories of religion, including the influential concept of José Casanova about the return of religion to public life. The role of sociologist from the Catholic University of Lublin, known as school of sociology of religion from Lublin, is presented on this background. Achievements of the main figures, such as fr. Franciszek Mirek, fr. Józef Majka, fr Władysław Piwowarski and fr. Janusz Mariański, with taking into account influence of their research on sociology of religion in Poland.