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Étymologie et forme actuelle des noms français des éléments chimiques et de leurs symboles

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Kaczmarek K.

Etymology of names and forms of chemical elements and their symbols The etymology is one of the oldest branches of linguistics, semantics is a more modern” – said Stephen Ulmann. These two areas of language coexist and help understand the origin of words and the link between signifier and signified. In this paper we analyze the etymology and the semantic motivation for the chemical elements. We examine the trend was to appropriate a name of a concrete meaning to a substance in the time before and after the revolution of technology, if the meaning refers to a physical or chemical property of the item or returns to its discoverer, his place of origin or discovery or if the name was motivated differently. We are considering whether the Latin language was dominant as a source of lexemes for the creation of the classification of materials or whether it was Greek. The etymological study of the materials is important in terms of chemistry because as knowledge of the elements is necessary to understand the process and the formation of chemical compounds, analysis of the names of chemical elements and then the trivial names of compounds helped their systematic nomenclature.

Nomenclalure des composés chimiques

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Kaczmarek K.

tom 36

71-88

This article presents the mechanisms of the inorganic chemistry nomenclature formation in French language. It shows the structure and the way of presenting the names of chemical compounds either descriptively or by giving the structural formulas’ characteristics, their transcription and order of reading the letters. The text specifies the rules of naming a chemical compound, according to the criteria of IUPAC (Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry), the organisation responsible for digesting the chemical nomenclature. The article contains the transcription chart and the manner of reading the structural formula, also called latero-numerical. Additionally, there is information conceming the usage of the common names given, still remaining in use next to the names compatible with those of IUPAC. Particular types of chemical compounds have served as models for description of other nomenclature formation rules from the simplest structures to the complicated compound ones. A short summary presents the relations and similarities between the names of particular types of chemical compounds.