Developmental traumatology is the systematic investigation of the psychobiological impact of overwhelming and chronic interpersonal stress on the developing child. The article presents a review of current research examining etiological links between child physical and/or sexual abuse and subsequent psychiatric disorders. The data suggest that abuse experiences are associated with alterations of biological stress systems in abused children. Dysregulation of major biological stress response systems often observed in abused children and adolescents may lead to an enhanced vulnerability for psychopathology, particularly posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. These disorders are associated with an enhanced risk for adolescent or young adult onset alcohol or substance use disorders.
Inspection of flooded buildings built of cellular concrete. Checking properties: course of drying, compression strength, porosity structure, mineral composition.
The aim of this study was to diagnose the presence of the fungus Aphanomyces invadans, the etiological agent of the epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), in ornamental fish in Poland. Thirteen species of ornamental fish from Polish culture, as well as imported from Asia, Africa and South America, exhibiting haemorrhages, ulcers, and skin lesions or mortality, were examined during three years of studies. Samples from skin lesions, muscles and internal organs (kidney, liver) were collected. Each sample was inoculated on GP medium to enable mycelia to grow, as well as diagnosed directly by the PCR method. Each specimen of mycelia grown on the GP medium was examined morphologically and by the PCR technique. In total, 481 muscle samples, 497 skin samples, 133 kidney samples, and 30 liver samples were examined. The fungus A. invadans was not observed in cultures on the GP medium. The tests of the samples collected from the tissues and organs showing pathological signs, performed by the PCR method, were also negative. One should bear in mind that the fish examined constituted a very small percentage of the total population of ornamental fish bred in Poland and imported into our country. These examinations, performed for the first time in Poland, made it possible to evaluate the epizootic situation concerning the EUS in our country.
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