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EN
Investigations were carried out in 2008–2009 to assess the seed retention strength in spikelets of various Lolium multiflorum genotypes depending on their growth stages. The cultivars (Turtetra and Mitos), breeding strains (SZD 1021, SZD 1022, SZD 1023, SZD 216 and SZD 228) and ecotypes were used. With the aid of a special testing machine, retention strength of successive flowers/kernels in spikelets as well as strength required to rachilla breaking of selected spikelets were determined. It was found that the examined Lolium multiflorum genotypes were characterised by specificity regarding seed retention strength in spikelets. This biological feature was smaller for top flowers/kernels and increased with the movement down the spikelet. It was found that in the examined genotypes of Italian ryegrass the seed retention strength in spikelets in the analysed consecutive growth stages was smallest in spikelets situated in the upper part of the inflorescence and the highest in the lower part.
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tom 02
29-40
EN
The aim of performed experiments was to estimate variability of morphological, biological and chemical properties of Alopecurus pratensis and determine of possibilities of breeding for fodder and seed production purposes. In years 1994-1996, investigations were carried out on ecotypes and breeding materials of Brudzyński variety from own collection. The population of Alopecurus pratensis exhibits considerable variability within a wide range of traits which creates substantial selection possibilities of valuable material for breeding. The most interesting are two groups of plants isolated in ecotypes as well as in the Brudzyński variety. The first of them, tentatively called „green form", is characterised by a higher share of vegetative shoots in the tussock structure, bigger area of leaf blades, LAI index and yield and, consequently, better chemical composition and digestibility in comparison with plants of the "blue-green form". The green form creates considerable breeding possibilities of Alopecurus pratensis for forage purposcs. On the other hand, the blue-green form is characterised by a longer inflorescences, higher sced yield per tussock and unit area, smaller seed shedding and share of no shedding inflorescences per tussock at the moment of harvest. For that reason, the blue-green form is more suitable for breeding of this form for seed production purposes.
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tom 03
21-29
EN
The objective of the research project was to determine vitality of some selected grass species: Arrhenatherum elatius, Bromus carinatus, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, Festuca rubra, Poa pratensis growing on ash-slag mixtures from an electricity generating plant. Investigations were carried out in years 1998-1999. In experiment A, the effect of 0, 15, 30 and 60% aqueous solutions obtained from ashes on seed germination of selected grass species was analysed. Furthermore, growth and development of their seedlings were studied. In experiment B, the effect of ashes on the growth and development of plants in their initial stage of life, i.e. in the year of sowing, growing on a mixture of ashes and slag was studied. The control treatment was a grey-brown podzolic soil. Growth and dcvelopment of plants of selected grass species were analysed for two levels of fertilisation: treatment without fertilisation and with fertilisation in the dose of 140 kg N, 120 kg P2O5 and 120 kg K2O. The following factors were determined in this experiment: number of plants per unit area, height of the over-ground parts, chlorophyll concentration (Minolta N-Tester), yield of over-ground and root weight. On the basis of pcrformed investigations it was found that the aqueous extract from the ashes of coal burnt in the electricity generating plant did not have a negative influence on the sced germination as well as on the growth and development of seedlings of Arrhenatherum elatius, Bromus carinatus, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, Festuca rubra and Poa pratensis which indicates a negligible effect of the solubility and leaching of ash components that can affect the course of plant life processes in the examined stages of their growth. Ashes from the electricity generating plant do not constitute a favourable edaphic environment for the growth and development of the examined grass species. The main factors inhibiting the appropriate course of these processes include: lack of nitrogen and high alkalinity of the substrate. Negative effects of ashes were visible in a very low plant fertility, formation of narrow and small leaf blades, poor spreading capability and a tendency for dying out of plants. From among the examined grasses, Poa pratensis and Festuca rubra can prove suitable for biological reclamation of disposal sites of ashes from power generating plants as they were found to form a high stocking rate and strong turf cover constituting an effective protection against ash dusting already in the year of their sowing. Satisfactory results of the process of biological reclamation of disposal sites of ashes from power generating plants can be achieved by enriching them with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium supplied as mineral fertilisers. Dactylis glomerata and Festuca arundinacea were found less suitable for biological reclamation of disposal sites of ashes from power generating plants. However, their usefulness can be improved by minerał fertilisation. Arrhenatherum elatius and Bromus carinatus proved to be quite unsuitable for the process of biological reclamation of ash disposal sites because they died out very quickly, especially when no mineral fertilisation was applied.
PL
W opracowaniu przedstawiono wyniki badań analitycznych nad zmianami w ilościowym występowaniu lignin, celulozy i hemiceluloz w Alopecurus pratensis w miarę przechodzenia roślin w kolejne stadia rozwojowe. Szybkość odkładania lignin, celulozy oraz hemiceluloz w pędach generatywnych w miarę ich wzrostu i rozwoju wykazuje bardzo nierównomierny przebieg. Odkładanie celulozy i hemiceluloz słabnie, natomiast zwiększa się natężenie lignifikacji. Ilościowe zmiany w koncentracji wszystkich składników w pędach wegetatywnych postępują wolniej, jednakże znacznemu przyspieszeniu ulegają w końcowej fazie rozwojowej. Niekorzystne zmiany składu chemicznego Alopecurus pratensis, postępujące wraz ze wzrostem i rozwojem roślin sprawiają, że największe obniżenie strawności ma miejsce po zakończeniu kwitnienia. Toteż koszenie łąk wyczyńcowych winno być przeprowadzone najpóźniej przed rozpoczęciem kwitnienia Alopecurus pratensis.
EN
The paper presents results of analytical studies on changes in quantities of lignins, cellulose and hemicelluloses in the Alopecurus pratensis as the plant passes through its successive stages of development. The rate of lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses deposition in the generative shoots in the course of their growth and development was found to vary considerably. Cellulose and hemicelluloses deposition decreases and, at the same time, lignification intensifies. Quantitative changes in the concentration of all components in the vegetative shoots are slower; however, they are accelerated significantly during the terminal phase of development. Unfavourable changes in the chemical composition of Alopecurus pratensis which intensify with the growth and development of the plant have a negative influence on its digestibility. It is at its lowest at the end of flowering. This is why meadows with Alopecurus pratensis should be harvested, at the latest, before the onset of flowering.
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tom 35A
215-220
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