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Bi-axial stress state hot bulging behavior and plane-stress visco-plastic material modelling of TA32 sheets

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Peng H. , Luo Z. , Qu S. , Shi W. , Fu K. , Xiao W. , Zheng K.

tom Vol. 23, no. 3

art. no e167, 2023

Bi-axial state is the dominant stress state experienced by the sheet metal during various forming processes, which requires a thorough understanding and modelling for process designs. In this paper, effects of equal bi-axial stress-state on the hot deformation behavior of titanium alloys are thoroughly investigated using hot bulging tests, and is further compared to the uniaxial stress state. Firstly, a specific hot bulging test device enabling a uniform temperature field and constant control of strain rate was established, using which, systematic hot bulging tests at various temperatures (750–850 °C) and strain rates (0.001–0.1 s−1) of the near-alpha phase TA32 sheets were conducted to determine the hot equal bi-axial bulging behavior. Based on the testing data of force and geometry variations of bulged domes, the equivalent stress–strain curves were calculated. Secondly, a plane-stress visco-plastic plane-stress model of near-alpha TA32 sheets was developed for the first time, enabling both the uniaxial and biaxial flow behavior and forming limits to be precisely predicted. The prediction accuracies for uniaxial and biaxial cases are 93.5% and 89%, respectively. In the end, the uniform deformation resulting from the strain and strain rate hardening was determined, which contributes to the understanding of the stress-state effect on hardening preliminarily. The plane stress visco-plastic model provides an efficient and reliable material model for finite element (FE) simulations of hot forming titanium alloy sheets.