Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Ochrona zabytków i muzealnictwo w Polsce : stan obecny i perspektywy rozwoju

100%

Gruszecki A.

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nr 3

159-163

EN

In the past four decades Poland has noted major achievements in the field of monuments' protection. A vast number of monuments, destroyed during the war, have been rebuilt and new museums opened. (In 1945 Poland had 20 museums, while in 1986 — 528). The artistry of Polish conservators has gained them renown not only in Poland but also abroad. Each year 1,500 structures are subjected to renovation; still, quite a lot of monuments are waiting for conservation intervention. Much has been done with regard to inventorying the monuments. 260,000 monuments of architecture and building as well as nearly 1,400 towns, 5,000 parks, 3,000 cemetries and 90,000 archaeological sites have been registered. Despite unqestionable achievements there still exist many problems that make difficult the work on monuments’ protection and museology. The present article sets out proposals for their solution.

2

O uznanie prawa zabytku dla fortyfikacji nowożytnej

100%

Gruszecki A.

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nr 1-2

3-17

3

Ratujemy zabytki

100%

Gruszecki A.

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nr 1

1-5

4

Wspomnienie o profesorze Zachwatowiczu - konserwatorze zabytków

100%

Gruszecki A.

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nr 2

86-87

5

Kształcenie architektów a konserwacja zabytków

100%

Gruszecki A.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1982

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nr 3-4

169-173

EN

At the begining the autor discusses individual stages of teaching architects saying that not only they have to coordinate and unite various skills and disciplines but also to combine* two qualities: a mathematical accuracy of technics and imaginativeness and inspiration of art. Hence only 10 per cent of the students become future architects. The studies take five years but that is too short. Further on in the text the author ponders on the history of architecture and monuments conservation when compared to intramural studies from the thirties until this day. According to him, an overwhelming majority of architects working in Poland have been educated as advocates of functional architecture and they will be operating to the end of the first quarter of the 21st century at least. After discussing a programme of lectures on the history of architecture and monuments conservation the author proposes to extend studies by means of post-graduate training and doctor’s theses. A graduate of Architecture Department employed in a state-owned monuments conservator workshop should, at first, work on a building site (for 1 or 2 years) and then to have a training course in the Workshop of Architectural Studies (further 1—2 years), and finally in the Design Workshop. An incentive for creative work should be architectural contests on conservation subjects. Post-graduate studies were undertaken for the first time in 1971 in the Warsaw Technological University at the motion of state-owned monuments conservation workshops. A few years ago the PostGraduate Training Centre for the Studies on Architectural Monuments was brought to life in the Warsaw Technological University. The studies there last one year, although they should last 2 years at least. The authors suggests to establish the Post-Graduate Institute for the Renewal of Historic Towns, in which studies would last two years. In conclusion the author puts forward the most important proposal, namely that incentives should be created for selftraining of architects in the field of monuments conservation by the establishment of appropriate specialization degrees for conservators, granted by a highly qualified independent commission, depending on the attainments of the candidate, his training and examination result. Attention should also be paid to a clear specification of degree’s specializations required for individual posts and due remuneration.

6

Zamek w Krzepicach

100%

Gruszecki A.

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nr 3-4

185-207

7

Cytadela Warszawska

75%

Gruszecki A.

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nr 3-4

249-267

8

Propozycja metody sporządzania miejscowych planów szczegółowych dla obszarów o wartościach kulturowych na przykładzie śródmieścia Grudziądza

51%

Gruszecki A. , Guranowska-Gruszecka K. , Szerszeń J.

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1980

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nr 1

15-43

EN

The present report which is a kind of a study and o f a plan is the competition work that has been awarded the 1st prize in the strict competition o f the Society o f Polish Town-Planners in 1978. The object o f the competition was to work out a method o f drawing detailed local plans for the areas with cultural values and to verify it on the example of Grudziądz. This problem has gained lately in importance in Poland; the number o f works on the revalorization o f the areas with cultural values has grown in an avalanchelike way. Different approaches have been adopted, some o f them very interesting. There exists however a need to standardize elaborations and to adopt principles that might be applied not only in the towns o f great historic interest but also in the average ones which make the most numerous group. Grudziądz, situated on the lower Vistula in the Pomerania, is a medium-size town (92 thousand inhabitants at present). Despite individual highly valued historic monuments, its mediaeval outline and an imposing panorama o f mediaeval granaries, the town was rebuilt in the 19th century in such a way that nowadays it is regarded as a town o f an average historic value, although its 19thcentury buildings undoubtedly deserve some interest. The basic assumption o f the presented method is a complex re" cognition o f the town, and especially o f its conditioning and cultural and natural environment, which is in line with tendencies adopted at the UNESCO general conference held at Nairobia in 1976. Such a recognition makes it possible to understand characteristic specific features o f the town and to draw proper conclusions on its present and future development that should offer a harmonious continuation o f the ages-long history and traditions o f the town. The article describes a complete proposal o f the studies and elaborations, partially already in use and partially suggested for the first time. It is the most comprehensive and complete proposal that has ever been pushed forward in Poland. The proposal combines into a standardized system the elaborations pertaining both to town-planning and to a specific cultural and monumental character o f the area. It has been agreed that the level o f exactness of the elaboration should depend upon cultural values o f the complex and its elements. To this end the reports have been divided into three groups denoted with letter symbols: FUNDAMENTAL (P) — obligatory for every settlement unit o f historic merit, PARTICULAR or SPECIALISTIC (S) — obligatory only for certain more significant units or their parts and FUNDAMENTAL — PARTICULAR (PS) which may be carried out to a different extent: more general (then they have a quality o f a fundamental report) and particular. The phase ” 0 ” envisages the gathering of materials on three groups o f problems. The first o f them are guide-lines from supreme plans o f land development, guide-lines o f economic planning bodies and o f the Voivodship Monuments Conservator, and finally o f the Nature Conservator. The second group covers all sorts o f recording including a technical condition o f the buildings, their utilization, proprietorship, density o f population, technical infrastructure and communication system. It is also suggested that at that stage a study should be carried out o f the cultural environment with a chronological stratification and local valorization (a cultural consiguration o f the area, greenery, water system, roads, streets, fquares and buildings). Analyses and studies for a draft plan will be prepared in the 1st stage. They cover the following problems: climate, a record o f lands (with postulates on the protection o f arable lands), a sub- -terranean structure o f the area, a geological study recording o f the natural forms o f land configuration, an ecosphere o f the natural plant environment, contamination and arduousness o f the environment, isolation (with regard to selected housing interiors or floors at individual tiers), studies o f the landscape o f the historic complex as a whole as well as o f the interior o f streets and squares, a record of green plots, a kind o f the covering o f streets and squares, building materials, roofs’ shapes and covering, studies on the colouring o f buildings with a chronological stratification in order to find out the colouring o f urbanistic interiors, a study record of historic forms o f buildings’ interiors, details and equipment, an analysis o f a local character of existing buildings and shaping the new housing constructions neighbouring historic and traditional complexes, a spatial structure o f the complex with a delineation o f plots, basic horizontal and vertical communication and height of building structures (the isolation o f the complexes spatially uniform), a historical functional structure o f the town, historical lines o f its development, illumination o f the urban interiors as well as signs and advertisements, tourism (general guide-lines for the region or a detailed analysis with a specification o f routes of sight-seeing). A collective analysis o f the hitherto materials and elaborations is envisaged at the end o f this phase and also suggestions on the verification o f plans at a higher level as well as a specification o f the assumptions for a local fundamental plan. A variant rendering o f the plan will be worked out in the 2nd stage, explaining also functional and spatial links between the area covered by the plan and the adjoning lands. The third phase will consist in elaborating a proper draft plan based on a chosen variant o f the conception. In view o f long-term revalorization processes a detailed plan should rather have a character o f a strategic plan than o f a detailed draft. An attempt has been made to work out for the plan a new form o f urbanistic recording which would be more flexible and at the same time would offer a possibility for a more complete rendering o f these elements, the execution o f which in a proposed form and with a given function is considered indispensable. The plan contains conservation guide-lines in the field o f protection zones, structures to be preserved, endangered structures that require an immediate intervention, areas destined for housing construction with definite requirements as to the structure, dimensions and bordering lines as well as losses to be made up, with a specification o f the principles o f their shaping and also a delineation o f areas and buildings o f different utilization and a possibility to operate with groups o f joint functions, and finally a delineation o f communication, greenery and water systems. A detailed scope o f the information and mode o f its representation have been given in a legend of the draft (1:1000) translated into English. Moreover, it has been proposed to prepare a report on the staging and mode o f execution, with a specification o f technology and sort o f executors for the nearest stage. Endeavours have been made to ensure that studies and elaborations will be simple for the realisation by less specialized groups, taking into account a present situation when there are only high- class specialists and many towns that wait for revalorization plans.