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Klejnot miasta zaginiony. Zarys dziejów krakowskiego kościoła Wszystkich Świętych do końca XVI wieku

100%

Walczak K.

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2013

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tom 19

133–158

PL

Jeden z najstarszych krakowskich kościołów, kościół pod wezwaniem Wszystkich Świętych wznosił się na skrzyżowaniu ulic Grodzkiej i Franciszkańskiej. Zbudowany w XIII wieku, był prawdopodobnie budowlą zastępczą dla pierwszej krakowskiej parafii, przeniesionej z kościoła św. Trójcy przekazanego dominikanom. Wiadomo, że prawa parafialne posiadał w roku 1327, wtedy też po raz pierwszy dowiadujemy się o zasięgu tej najmniejszej, a zarazem najgęściej zaludnionej krakowskiej parafii. W źródłach wezwanie kościoła pojawia się po raz pierwszy w Żywocie św. Stanisława, po raz kolejny w roku 1278 wymieniony został jako świadek proboszcz Arnold. Interesującym faktem jest, że w kolejnym źródle – spisach świętopietrza z 1325–1327 roku pojawia się już dwóch proboszczów, posiadających osobne uposażenie, oraz nazywanych proboszczami części drewnianej i murowanej. W 1490 roku kościół uzyskał tytuł kolegiaty. Wtedy to zostało zniesione podwójne proboszczowstwo zamienione na dziekanię i preopozyturę. Przy kościele funkcjonowało powołane przez bp. Zbigniewa Oleśnickiego Bractwo Ubogich oraz szkoła parafialna datowana na wiek XIV. Zachowane przekazy ikonograficzne, w większości sporządzone w okresie postępującej ruiny kościoła, oraz w czasie decyzji o jego rozbiórce ukazują budowlę dwunawową, orientowaną z płasko zakończonym prezbiterium. Do budowli przylegała wieża, zakrystia, skarbiec oraz kaplica, nazywana capella antiqua. Opis wnętrza kościoła pochodzi z wizytacji sporządzonej w 1599 roku na polecenie biskupa krakowskiego Jerzego Radziwiłła. W związku z decyzją Komitetu Upiększania Miasta kościół został rozebrany w roku 1835. Sprzęty kościelne zostały zlicytowane. Ostatnim jego śladem była wieża, która przetrwała do roku 1840, kiedy to podzieliła losy budowli.

EN

One of the oldest churches in Krakow, dedicated to All Saints, was situated between Grodzka and Franciszkańska Street. It was build in the XIII century, could had been replacement church for first Cracow’s parish, which was transferred from Saint Trinity church. The name of All Saints church was mentioned for the first time in Vita S. Stanislai. The second time in 1278 his rector Arnold was noted. Most interesting fact is that in the Tables of Pence from 1325–1327 you can find two rectors, who had separate salary and were called rectors of wooden and brick churches. In 1490 church got a collegiate title. Than double rectory was liquidated and positions of provost and dean were established. Church was a place where Brotherhood of the Poor created by Bishop Zbigniew Oleśnicki used to work. Our knowledge of churches looks comes from iconography which was made when the building was already a ruin. According to those sources church had two naves, was oriented and had simply completed presbytery. The building had adhered tower, sacristy, treasure and chapel, called capella antiqua. Description of the interior of the church comes from 1599, when Jerzy Radziwiłł, Bishop of Cracow had visited it. According to the decision of the City Beautification Committee, the church was demolished in 1835, and church’s equipment was sold on auction. The tower survived till 1840, when it shared the fate of the rest of the building.

2

Radon in houses of Kowary : Sudety Mountains, Poland

63%

Olszewski J. , Walczak K.

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2020

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tom Vol. 65, No. 2

149--152

EN

The presence of uranium makes the Kowary area characterized by an increased concentration of radon in the air and the living houses. Measurements of periodic radon concentrations in dwellings of Kowary were carried out three times in the last 20 years. It can be observed that 20 years ago level of radon concentrations in houses of Kowary were lower than today. Measurements carried out in Kowary over 20 years have shown that residents are exposed to radon concentrations, which often exceed 300 Bq•m-3 – a reference level recommended by the European Union. The present geometric mean of radon concentration in houses of Kowary (260 Bq•m-3 ) exceeds the geometric mean of radon concentration of buildings in the rest of Poland (142 Bq•m-3 ).

3

Early Devonian sinistral shearing recorded by retrograde monazite-(Ce) in Oscar II Land, Svalbard

45%

Ziemniak G. , Manecki M. , Jeanneret P. , Walczak K. , Kośmińska K.

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tom Vol. 53, iss. 1

82--108

EN

The Southwestern Basement Province of Svalbard extends northward from Sørkapp Land in the south to Oscar II Land. In the north, the Müllerneset Formation characterized by polymetamorphosed Proterozoic sedimentary rocks crops out. In this study we used an integrated tectonic and petrochronological approach to gain an insight into the structural and metamorphic evolution of the unit and surrounding basement. The Müllerneset Formation consists of two separate tectonic blocks. NNW-SSE trending retrograde foliation is associated with mineral and stretching lineation and kinematic indicators consistent with left-lateral to oblique sinistral shearing in the western block. The eastern block is characterized by the opposite sense of shear that was overturned during the Eurekan event as evidenced by unconformably overlaying Carboniferous sedimentary rocks. Conventional geothermobarometry yields the prograde peak pressure metamorphic conditions of 6.6 - 7.1 kbar at 480 - 520°C followed by peak temperature at 5.1 - 5.9 kbar and 530 - 560°C. Subsequent retrograde greenschist facies overprint is related to left-lateral NNW-SSE trending shearing. Tiny monazite occurs within foliation or overgrows allanite-(Ce), thus is interpreted as growth along a retrograde path. Th-U-total Pb dating of monazite-(Ce) provided an early Caledonian age (ca. 450 Ma) and younger population of ca. 410 ± 8 Ma. This age is consistent with previously reported 40Ar/39Ar cooling ages (410 ± 2 Ma) of muscovite supporting a retrograde growth of monazite. Petrochronological evidence combined with structural observations suggests that the Müllerneset Formation has been tectonically exhumed in the Early Devonian due to the NNW-SSE trending left-lateral shearing. Coeval folding and thrusting in the remaining basement of Oscar II Land to the east indicate a transpressional regime of the deformation in the Early Devonian. Similarly oriented contemporaneous tectonic zones within the Southwestern Basement Province of Svalbard may account for the same set of shear zones dispersing the Ordovician subduction complexes along western Spitsbergen.