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tom Vol. 39, No.3
129-136
EN
This paper presents the results of research relating to the vegetation of the Kulawa River valley and its flow lakes - Głuche Duże, Głuche Małe, and Sieczonek. Transformations observed in the flora examined were the result of two overlapping factors: 1. anthropogenic factors - among others, a high phosphorus content in the waters of the river and in nutrients accumulating in the lakes; 2. natural factors, such as a reduced level of subsoil waters. In the protection of river valleys, it is important to diagnose all threats. The diagnosis should be based not only on an evaluation of water quality, but also on the state of the whole environment of the valley.
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tom 67
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nr 3
PL
Praca charakteryzuje sześć nowych stanowisk salwinii pływającej Salvinia natans (L.) All. oraz odszukane po 70 latach stanowiska grzybieńczyka wodnego Nymphoides peltata (S.G. Gmel.) Kuntze w dolinie Dolnej Odry na tle rozmieszczenia tych gatunków na Pomorzu
EN
During floristic studies carried out in the Lower Odra River valley (Natura 2000 area: Lower Odra River PLH 320037) in 2006–2007, a locality with Nymphoides peltata (S.G. Gmel.) Kuntze made known by Libbert in 1939 was found, as well as 6 sites of the occurrence of Salvinia natans (L.) All. not known so far. These plants were observed in the channels and old river-beds of the Odra River (from 52°49´N and 14°10´E to 52°37´N and 14°35´E; ATPOL, in a regional scale 5 × 5 km – AC4011, AC6211). Yellow floating-heart is a species vulnerable to extinction (VU), listed in the Polish Red Book of Plants. Floating watermoss was found in Pomerania at the northern border of its range, mostly in the Lower Odra and the Lower Vistula valleys. It is under strict legal protection and has a status of species vulnerable to extinction (V). A main threat for both species is water pollution and drainage as well as removal of old river-beds. Documented evidence of the occurrence of these plants within the Natura 2000 area may contribute to their better identification and more effective protection
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nr 1
141-148
EN
Xeromesophilous grasslands of the alliance Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati were studied in valleys of the Lower Odra and Płonia rivers. These ecosystems have been included in the Habitats Directive. The preservation state of vegetation, threats to it and the methods of its protection are presented. Results of this study show that Cirsio-Brachypodion in the examined area is represented by the association Adonido-Brachypodietum, and plant community with Salvia pratensis. Adonido-Brachypodietum develops in a typical form and in two variants: Anthericum liliago and A. ramosum. The major threat to these grasslands is posed by plant succession. An effective method of their protection is a return to traditional methods of farming, i.e. to moderate, alternate grazing or hay harvesting.
EN
A local population of Pyrus pyraster was studied in dry and warm habitats: xerothermic grasslands Potentillo-Stipetum capillatae and Adonido-Brachypodietum, as well as thermophilous oak forest Quercetum pubescentipetraeae in the forest-steppe Bielinek Reserve (NW Poland). Our aims were to assess: (1) the ability of this species to adapt to extremely dry sites, as a pioneer woody plant; (2) its phytosociological position; and (3) morphological variation and genetic diversity of the local population. The pear trees in Bielinek Reserve seem to reach an optimum in shrub communities of the class Rhamno-Prunetea, but tree age clearly indicates that the grasslands were colonized by wild pear trees already before the shrub communities developed. This indicates that P. pyraster can colonize very dry, eroded sites, such as steep sunny slopes covered by xerothermic grasslands. Wild pear trees form plant communities that are a seral stage followed by forest-shrub communities or thermophilous forests. The species in xerothermic shrub communities of the reserve shows a high constancy. It is also very resistant to extreme temperatures, insolation, drought, and erosion. Its tree-ring width (on average 1.1 mm per year) was strongly related to precipitation and temperature in spring and summer. High precipitation resulted in wider tree rings, while dry years (associated with high air temperature) caused a decrease in tree-ring width. Another significant factor is precipitation in winter, which had a positive influence on tree-ring width. Microsatellite markers revealed a high level of genetic diversity in this population. Our results suggest that wild pear can be recommended for afforestation of areas affected by droughts and disturbed sites in Central Europe. It can be used to increase the heterogeneity of the landscape, e.g. by creation of forest ecotones and for planting along roads and field margins, especially considering the predicted climate change.
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