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Cyfrowa rekonstrukcja kadłuba wczesnośredniowiecznej łodzi bojowej Puck 2 ze stanowiska port średniowieczny w Pucku

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Litwinienko P.

Pomorania Antiqua

2021

tom Tom XXX

s. 115-132

Several wrecks of plank boats had been found at the remains of the medieval harbour in Puck studied since 1978. One of them, designated as Puck 2 attracted the particular interest due to the mixture of Scandinavian and Slavic shipbuilding traditions and very slim proportions of the hull. The dendrochronology estimated the construction of the vessel on 970s. In 2005 the wreck had been salvaged by the National Maritime Museum in Gdańsk. After conservation all structural elements were digitally recorded using the FaroArm 3D recording device. Using the field documentation the model of the wreck in its actual state of preservation was prepared, as well as the digital reconstruction of the whole vessel. The reconstructed hull is 21.23 m long and 2.22 m wide. The digital model had been analysed for the hydrostatics of the vessel, which enabled to estimate the crew number (30 oarsmen and a skipper) and the draft (40 cm). The extremely long and slim hull indicates that the vessel was a warship, most probably used for quick raids, coastal defence and the control of the Puck Bay area. No similar wrecks had been found up to date in Poland. The closest analogy is the Scandinavian Skuldelev 5 wreck, dated to 1030s. It is similar in dimensions (17.3 m long, 2.5 m wide) and has been interpreted as a part of the Danish leidang coastal defence system.

Dwa średniowieczne wraki odkryte w 2021 roku w Gdańsku przy ul. Wałowej 35

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Rembisz-Lubiejewska A. , Litwinienko P. , Kocińska M. K. , Gomulski P. , Muntowski P.

Pomorania Antiqua

2023

tom Tom XXXII

115–144

During archaeological research carried out in 2021 at 35 Wałowa Street in Gdańsk by the CRA Baltica Sp. z o. o. team under the direction of Piotr Gomulski, in the place of the former gasworks and the remains of the Shipyard Gate, within the flow around the post-medieval fortifications, two wrecks with construction solutions characteristic of two different boatbuilding traditions were uncovered. The wreck Wałowa 35.1 constitutes the remains of a large stave boat (length approx. 15 m, width approx. 3.5 m, height approx. 0.95 m), built using the shell-first technique after 1295 in a local Pomeranian boatbuilding workshop. From the original structure of the vessel stem, T-shaped keel, seven floors, two frames, five strakes of port side plating and six strakes of starboard side plating have been preserved. The staves were connected with wooden pins and sealed with moss. The stem was connected to the keel by a diagonal lock. In the upper surface of the keel, behind the lock, there is a characteristic rectangular hole to be used for attaching the clamps holding the first staves of the shell during the construction of the vessel. In the stem, in turn, there is a hole for attaching ropes to pull the vessel ashore. Inside the structure there was a fragment of a cleat (?), while inside and next to the wreck two bark floats were found. This vessel was used for sailing on the Vistula, fishing in inland and coastal waters of the Baltic Sea. The wreck Wałowa 35.2 constitutes the remains of a small ship (approx. 16.5 m long, 4.7 m wide, 1.35 m high) built using the shell-first technique after 1250 in the vicinity of Lund (Scania). From the original ship's structure survived fragment of stem with an opening for pulling the vessel ashore, T-shaped keel, 8 transverse bonds (including one frame with a keelson cut), 11 strakes of starboard side plating and five strakes of port side planting. The overlapping staves were connected by iron rivets with pads and sealed with sheep's hair. The transverse stiffening elements were connected to the keel by pins. The damage to the hull was repaired from the inside with slats pressed with iron clamps (type C2) and a woolen cloth soaked in tar or pitch. The stem was connected to the keel by a diagonal lock. The presence of a wreck from Scania in Gdańsk, along with other few boatbuilding monuments referring to the Scandinavian tradition, is an evidence of the contacts that took place in the second half of the 13th century and in the 14th century between the inhabitants of the Vistula River mouth and southern Scandinavia. Both vessels sank in the first half of the 14th century in the former Vistula riverbed. After the great flood in 1371, the old Vistula bed was used to create a wide moat, preceded in 1573 by a system of earthen embankments. It was probably during this period that the worn and abandoned wreck Wałowa 35.1 was nailed to the bottom by waterfront construction elements. The remains of the vessels discovered at ul. Wałowa 35, as well as the wrecks once discovered in Gdańsk, Orunia, Mechelinki and the medieval port in Puck, present an increasingly interesting and fuller database of medieval vessels sailing in the waters of the Gdańsk Bay. Diversified construction solutions observed in these wrecks are a valuable contribution to research not only on local boatbuilding, but also on cultural contacts in the Baltic Sea basin.