Artykuł zawiera opis implementacji szyfru strumieniowego WAKE w układach programowalnych z wykorzystaniem systemu MAX+PLUS II firmy ALTERA. Przedstawiono opis algorytmu, sposób implementacji sprzętowej, dokonano analizy i weryfikacji symulacyjnej układu.
EN
This paper comprises the description of stream cipher WAKE and its implementation using ALTERA programmable logic devices of the family MAX+PLUS II. There is described the way of hardware implementation. There are presented the results of analysis and verification of the algorithm simulation.
The first part of the paper explains the need for combining message encryption and authentication. We begin with the example to emphasize the fact that privacy‡ does not imply authenticity. Then we prove, one needs both privacy and authenticity, even if one's aim is just getting privacy. In the second part we present an overview of different methods for providing authenticated encryption (AE) i.e. generic compositions, single-pass modes and two-pass combined modes. We analyze what are the advantages and disadvantages of different AE constructions. In the third part of the paper we focus on nonce§ based authenticated encryption modes. Our motivation is the wish to know the methodology of designing authenticated encryption mode of operation. We take into consideration a few most important properties, e.g. parallelizability, memory requirements and pre-processing capability. We analyze possibilities of choice of underlying encryption and authentication components and their order in a message we also try to answer. What does single-key mode really mean? Finally we mention the importance of provable security theory in the security of authenticated encryption modes.
Krzywe eliptyczne nad ciałami skończonymi stanowią istotną część kryptografii klucza publicznego. Bezpieczeństwo kryptosytemów z krzywymi eliptycznymi oparte jest na trudności obliczeniowej problemu logarytmu dyskretnego w grupie punktów na krzywej eliptycznej.W pracy przedstawione są wymagania nakładane na kryptograficznie silne krzywe eliptyczne, uzasadnienie tych wymagań oraz przykłady wygenerowanych takich krzywych. Zaimplementowano arytmetykę modularną w ciałach skonńczonych, operacje na krzywych oraz podstawowe protokoły kryptograficzne wykorzystujące krzywe eliptyczne.
EN
The elliptic curves over finite fields are an essential part of the public key cryptography. The security of cryptosytems with elliptic curves is based on the computational intractability of the Elliptic Curve Discrete Logaritm Problem (ECDLP). The paper presents requirements which cryptographically secure elliptic curves have to satisfy, together with their justification and some examples of elliptic curves which have been generated. The modular arithmetic in finite fields, the operations on elliptic curves and the basic cryptographic protocols have been implemented.
Pseudorandom generators, which produce keystreams for stream ciphers by the exclusiveor sum of outputs of alternately clocked linear feedback shift registers, are vulnerable to cryptanalysis. In order to increase their resistance to attacks, we introduce a non-linear scrambler at the output of these generators. Non-linear feedback shift register plays the role of the scrambler. In addition, we propose Modified Alternating Step Generator with a non-linear scrambler (MASG1S) built with non-linear feedback shift register and regularly or irregularly clocked linear feedback shift register with non-linear filtering functions.
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