Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Possibilities of spatial hearing testing in occupational medicine

100%

Przewoźny T.

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tom 29

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nr 4

527-538

EN

Dysfunctions of the organ of hearing are a significant limitation in the performance of occupations that require its full efficiency (vehicle driving, army, police, fire brigades, mining). Hearing impairment is associated with poorer understanding of speech and disturbed sound localization that directly affects the worker’s orientation in space and his/her assessment of distance and location of other workers or, even most importantly, of dangerous machines. Testing sound location abilities is not a standard procedure, even in highly specialized audiological examining rooms. It should be pointed out that the ability to localize sounds which are particularly loud, is not directly associated with the condition of the hearing organ, but is rather considered an auditory function of a higher level. Disturbances in sound localization are mainly associated with structural and functional disturbances of the central nervous system and occur also in patients with normal hearing when tested with standard methods. The article presents different theories explaining the phenomenon of sound localization, such as interaural differences in time, interaural differences in sound intensity, monaural spectrum shape and the anatomical and physiological basis of these processes. It also describes methods of measurement of disturbances in sound localization which are used in Poland and around the world, also by the author of this work. The author analyzed accessible reports on sound localization testing in occupational medicine and the possibilities of using such tests in various occupations requiring full fitness of the organ of hearing.

2

Ubytki słuchu u chorych z powikłaniami zewnątrzczaszkowymi przewlekłego zapalenia ucha środkowego

63%

Przewoźny T. , Kuczkowski J.

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nr 3

31-41

PL

Cel: Analiza wyników badania audiometrii tonalnej przeprowadzonej u pacjentów z powikłaniami zewnątrzczaszkowymi przewlekłego ropnego zapalenia ucha środkowego (ECCSOM). Materiał i metody: Retrospektywnie oceniano dane audiometryczne uzyskane przed rozpoczęciem leczenia u 63 pacjentów z ECCSOM (56 powikłań pojedynczych i 7 powikłań mnogich), w odniesieniu do określonych grup częstotliwości. Wyniki: Najgłębsze poziomy niedosłuchu odnotowano dla częstotliwości 6 i 8 kHz (79,0 i 75,7 dB) oraz dla grupy częstotliwości HTA (76,1 dB). Powikłania zostały uporządkowane w zależności od głębokości ubytku słuchu w PTA: zapalenie błędnika (77,8±33,6 dB), porażenie nerwu twarzowego (57,1±14,3 dB), przetokę perylimfatyczną (53,9 ± 19,9 dB) i zapalenie wyrostka sutkowatego (42,2 ± 9,5 DBHL) (p=0,023). Wnioski: Dominującym typem ubytku słuchu w przebiegu ECCSOM jest umiarkowany niedosłuch mieszany dla tonów wysokich, najbardziej nasilony w przypadku zapalenia błędnika. U 11% pacjentów powikłania prowadzą do rozwoju całkowitej głuchoty.

3

Cardiovascular testing of seasickness in healthy volunteers on life rafts

32%

Molisz A. , Ryk M. , Rataj M. , Kołaczyńska B. , Nowicka-Sauer K. , Przewoźny T. , Sauer M. , Gutknecht P. , Trzeciak B. , Siebert J.

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nr 4

467-477

EN

ObjectivesThe role of the cardiovascular system in the development of seasickness remains uncertain.Material and MethodsOverall, 18 healthy students (10 males and 8 females) aged 18–24 years volunteered in the project, spending 2–7 h on life rafts. The cardiovascular system was examined with impedance cardiography. Susceptibility and symptoms of seasickness were evaluated by the Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire Shortform (MSSQ-Short) and the Motion Sickness Assessment Questionnaire (MSAQ). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), ranging 0–10, was used to assess nausea, dizziness and mood. The parameters were assessed at 2 time points.ResultsDifferences in the heart rate (HR), the thoracic fluid content index (TFCI), the stroke index (SI) and the Heather index (HI) before launching the life rafts and after leaving them were observed (78.6, 20.8, 55.6 and 15.9 vs. 70.1, 19.7, 60.5 and 17.9, with p-values of 0.002, <0.001, 0.003 and 0.004, respectively). Females reacted with changes in SI and HR more vividly, whereas males regulated more HI and TFCI. In addition, HR correlated significantly with the central and peripheral symptoms in MSAQ, stroke volume (SV) with peripheral and sopite-related ones, SI with overall ones, and pulse pressure with overall, gastrointestinal and central ones (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient [ρ] was –0.478, –0.711, 0.476, 0.472, 0.525, –0.476, –0.579 and –0.584, respectively). As regards MSSQ-Short, it correlated negatively with sopite-related symptoms in MSAQ (ρ= –0.486). Mood in VAS correlated significantly with gastrointestinal symptoms, SI and the cardiac index (CI) (ρ = –0.752, –0.492 and –0.489, respectively).ConclusionsIt was found that HR correlated negatively, and SV/SI correlated positively, with the severity of seasickness symptoms measured with MSAQ. Gender is probably an independent factor influencing reactions to motion. Women react with SI increase whereas men react with increased heart contractility (HI rise). Negative mood in seasickness evaluated with VAS seems to be mostly determined by gastrointestinal symptoms assessed with MSAQ and diminished cardiovascular indices (both CI and SI).