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2006
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tom 1
PL
Andrzej Rabsztyn, on the basis of Balzac's letters to Ewelina Hanska, shows a game between the truth and falsehood, the said and unsaid in the real and fictitious letters in the period of the peak development of the art of letter-writing and epistolary novel. Keywords: correspondence; epistolary novel; intentional silence; Balzac; Mrs Hańska
PL
Celem artykułu jest porównanie dwóch postaci kobiecych powieści Honoriusza Balzaka z 1842 w kontekście opozycji dwóch pojęć filozoficznych : woli, w rozumieniu chęci czy pragnienia osiągnięcia zamierzonych celów lub spełnienia swoich pasji oraz wolnej woli (liberum arbitrium) w sytuacji świadomego dokonywania wyborów życiowych. W omawianym utworze paradoksalny może wydawać się zwłaszcza przykład pani de l’Estorade alias Renaty de Maucombe, która pozornie wpisuje się w schemat oparty na prawach determinizmu społecznego, w rzeczywistości jednak jej postępowanie odzwierciedla pryncypia kierowania się wolną wolą. Dopełnieniem analizy obydwu pojęć staje się epistolarna forma tekstu, dzięki której bohaterki dają upust swoim odczuciom, argumentując jednocześnie motywacje w dokonywaniu własnych wyborów.
EN
The aim of the following paper is to compare the female protagonists of Honoré de Balzac’s novel that dates back to 1842. The comparison is drawn in the context of two philosophical notions which are in opposition: volonté, understood as intent and desire to achieve goals or realize passions, and liberum arbitrium representing the free will to make conscious personal decisions. Mrs de l’Estorade, alias Renée de Maucombe, is the most conspicuous example of a character, who seems to be driven by social determinism. However, this assumption is paradoxically far from truth because the actions she takes reflect the principles of liberum arbitrium. The epistolary form of the novel complements the analysis of the aforementioned concepts. It allows the women to give vent to their feelings and explain the reasons behind their choices.
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2009
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tom 4
FR
The present study argues that the French first-person novel, which came into fashion in the Enlightenment period through the adoption of epistolary, diary or memoir forms, or through their admixture in texts, lends itself particularly well to “reading pacts”. The sociopolitical context of the period favored romantic fictions of intimate literature that were attuned to the events of the day. In this paratextual discourse, novelists relied on contemporary events to initiate readers into questions such as the status and the goals of novelistic writing, while attempting to legitimize and to valorize thelatter. Key words: Epistolary novel, memoir-novel, Enlightenment period, reading pact.
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nr 1
23-31
EN
This paper deals with intentional breakaway of novel elements in romantic story published in 1820. On the one hand, the book belongs to the rich tradition of epistolary, on the other, it also gives un example of how formal borders can be transgressed between novel composed of letters and novel written as intimate diary, what leads to the disappearance of typical novel elements in texts from the turn of XVII and XVIII c. This absence of fiction appears firstly in paratext (especially in preface to the novel), where the author presents his own concept of novel, and then in letters.
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nr 008
203-209
FR
La prédilection de Rétif de la Bretonne pour l’écriture intime nous invite à analyser la question de la mémoire et de l’oubli dans son bref roman, "Journal d’une impardonnable folie", publié en 1779 et constituant l’un des épisodes d’une œuvre plus importante, "La Malédiction paternelle". Cette « impardonnable folie » est une passion irrésistible du héros pour une jeune fille, dont les conséquences empêchent ce dernier d’oublier la malédiction de son père. Dans ce travail, nous nous demandons notamment dans quelle mesure la conjonction de deux procédés : la lettre et le journal, permet au narrateur de mémoriser certains souvenirs de sa vie privée. Or, le passage de la forme épistolaire à l’écriture diaristique favorise, nous semble-t-il, la mémoire du narrateur, car le journal rend la valeur de l’instant privé et ne peut être relu que par le diariste même, tandis que la lettre suppose une volonté de divulgation (cependant les lettres dont il est question dans ce roman, ne seront jamais envoyées). Le diariste cherche donc à mémoriser certains faits intimes car leur souvenir lui procure de fortes sensations, comme le plaisir, l’affection ou l’attendrissement, mais aussi il constitue une sorte d’instruction.
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tom 3
PL
One cannot question the fact that a motif of a letter occupies a very significant position in the eighteenth century French paintings and literature. Although the motif of a woman reading a letter was used much earlier by the Dutch painters such as Vermeer, there are also many eighteenth century French painters (Raoux, Fragonard, Chardin or Pierre), who show women devoted to this particular activity. Thus, the popularity of letters in literature and art results from an important role correspondence played at that time. This paper emphasizes the description of a process of writing letters by a protagonist and its further influence on the receiver’s emotional and physical state of mind and body. Letters comprise a source of pleasure for both - a writer and a reader. In painting, a letter serves as the key to the interpretation of a painting, though its content is neither revealed nor comprehensible. The way of presenting characters and space, and a central position of a letter in the considered paintings may determine the interpretation - it can be treated as a signal of a relationship between lovers or its reminiscence. Considering the intimacy of the presented scene and a confidential character of a love letter, the canvas can differently predispose the receivers and make them think about sentimental intrigues. Key words: Epistolary esthetics, reading scene, writing scene, Enlightenment’s paintings, Enlightenment’s novels.
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