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Ku chwale Wiecznego Miasta! Słonie w rzymskich amfiteatrach

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Daniluk K.

Wieki Stare i Nowe

2014

tom 7

nr 12

9-23

Roman experiences with elephants in battle, proving that these “ancient tanks” posed a threat to enemies and friendlies alike, which is why - despite the beliefs of Hellenistic strategists - Roman commanders were reluctant to use war elephants. However, these seemingly useless giants (defeated, but also tamed) became a valuable prize for the Romans, as they constituted a spectacular evidence of their victory. The goal of this article is to present the methods elephants were used outside of the battlefield: as a part of triumph ceremonies and - in some measure as their consequence - at the arenas of Roman amphitheaters; furthermore, it aims to analyze antique texts on the character of the giants’ presentation in the Eternal City, especially in the Republic era. The games organized by Pompey in 55 BC were a significant event in the context of this story - the people protested the killing of elephants at the arena, which was an unprecedented occurrence. The later venations with the participation of these animals resembled more their contemporary circus performances.