Controlling appetite, perceived hunger, and energy intake are important factors in weight management. This narrative review examines the effect of different forms, intensities and duration of exercise on the appetite-regulating hormones leptin, acylated ghrelin, glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine3-36 (PYY3-36), perceptions of hunger, and energy intake in overweight/obese, and normal weight populations. The studies reviewed compared exercise intensities- low, moderate, and high intensity, and modes of exercise- aerobic and resistance training. The studies selected in this narrative review included participants that ranged in age from 13-57 years old, male and female, previously sedentary and physically active, and normal weight and overweight/obese individuals- defined by body mass index standards (BMI). The primary benefits of exercise on appetite regulation are seen with moderate to high-intensity aerobic exercise; with the most notable relative energy deficit resulting from an exercise bout (at any intensity) that expends the most energy. Further research is warranted to determine if there exists a tendency to overcompensate for energy expended during exercise in certain populations.
Hungarian Americans share a unique culture of food traditions associated with their value system and way of life. Researchers, health care providers, and nutrition professionals counseling and treating a Hungarian-American population should develop a baseline of cultural understanding to achieve successful and long-lasting behavior change outcomes. The leading causes of death among Hungarians include ischemic heart disease (21.3%), stroke (13.4%), and cirrhosis (5.8%); all are directly or indirectly attributed to a traditional Hungarian diet coupled with a sedentary lifestyle. Health behaviors among Hungarian Americans can be partially explained by the Health Belief Model’s value-expectancy construct. Understanding cultural expectations and their associated values serve as a foundation for health promotion programming to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease and comorbidities. This review explored numerous facets of Hungarian-American dietary habits in psychosocial, economic, historical, and cultural contexts. Health education and health promotion considerations were also examined.
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.