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Influence of Footwear and Equipment on Stride Length and Range of Motion of Ankle, Knee and Hip Joint

100%

Schulze C. , Lindner T. , Woitge S. , Schulz K. , Finze S. , Mittelmeier W. , Bader R.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2014

tom Vol. 16, no. 4

45--51

Purpose: Footwear and equipment worn by military personnel is of importance for them to be able to meet the physical demands specific to their profession daily activities. Aim of the present study was to investigate by means of gait analysis how army-provided footwear and equipment influence the range of motion of hip, knee and ankle joints as well as stride length.Methods: Thirty-two soldiers were subjected to gait analysis on a treadmill by way of video recordings and goniometric measurements. Results: The stride length increased when military shoes are worn. We found no influence on stride length in connection to increased loading. The weight of the shoes represents the decisive factor. Neither shoes nor equipment changed the range of motion of the knee joint.Weight of equipment affected range of motion of the hip joint. The range of motion of the upper and lower ankle joints was mainly influenced by the properties of the shoes. Conclusions: Military footwear and weight of equipment influence stride length and range of motion of joints of the lower extremities in a specific way. Shape of material is the decisive factor.

Nitric oxide enhances expression and activity of cytosolic phospholipase A2 in PC12 cells with the different amyloid beta load

84%

Chalimoniuk M. , Stolecka A. , Haupmann S. , Schulz K. , Keil U. , Leuner K. , Eckert A. , Muller W. E. , Strosznajder J. B.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

2006

tom 66

nr 4

Amyloid beta enhances cytosolic phospholipase A2 level and arachidonic acid release via nitric oxide in APP-transfected PC12 cells

84%

Chalimoniuk M. , Stolecka A. , Cakala M. , Hauptmann S. , Schulz K. , Lipka U. , Leuner K. , Eckert A. , Muller W. E. , Strosznajder J. B.

nr 3

Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) preferentially liberates arachidonic acid (AA), which is known to be elevated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between enhanced nitric oxide (NO) generation observed in AD and cPLA2 protein level, phosphorylation, and AA release in rat pheochromocytoma cell lines (PC12) differing in amyloid beta secretion. PC12 control cells, PC12 cells bearing the Swedish double mutation in amyloid beta precursor protein (APPsw), and PC12 cells transfected with human APP (APPwt) were used. The transfected APPwt and APPsw PC12 cells showed an about 2.8- and 4.8-fold increase of amyloid β (Aβ) secretion comparing to control PC12 cells. An increase of NO synthase activity, cGMP and free radical levels in APPsw and APPwt PC12 cells was observed. cPLA2 protein level was higher in APPsw and APPwt PC12 cells comparing to PC12 cells. Moreover, phosphorylated cPLA2 protein level and [3H]AA release were also higher in APP-transfected PC12 cells than in the control PC12 cells. An NO donor, sodium nitroprusside, stimulated [3H]AA release from prelabeled cells. The highest NO-induced AA release was observed in control PC12 cells, the effect in the other cell lines being statistically insignificant. Inhibition of cPLA2 by AACOCF3 significantly decreased the AA release. Inhibitors of nNOS and γ-secretase reduced AA release in APPsw and APPwt PC12 cells. The basal cytosolic [Ca2+]i and mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration was not changed in all investigated cell lines. Stimulation with thapsigargin increased the cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ level, activated NOS and stimulated AA release in APP-transfected PC12 cells. These results indicate that Aβ peptides enhance the protein level and phosphorylation of cPLA2 and AA release by the NO signaling pathway.