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EN
The article presents dilemmas of the Russian Federation’s foreign policy towards Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia in 2010-2015. The author underlines the Baltic States’ strategic location, attractive for the Russian Federation in political and economic terms. The content also attempts to answer the following questions: 1. Why is the Baltic Sea basin so crucial in the Russian foreign policy? 2. How does the Russian Federation affect Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia and what measures are used for this purpose? 3. What are the foreign policy dilemmas and recommendations for the Russian Federation towards Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia? In the view of above, the aim of the article is to acquaint the reader with the Russian Federation’s ways and measures of pursuing foreign policy and attempt to formulate recommendations for its possible activities in the area under consideration.
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Content available Federacja Rosyjska w rywalizacji o Arktykę
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EN
The article features the area of the Arctic which is the place of rivalry of countries. It occupies a special place in the Russian Federation’s energy and security policies. Moreover, the author draws a particular attention to features that today attract a growing interest in the Arctic area by the states claiming the right to it, and which include the United States, Canada, Den-mark, Norway and the Russian Federation. The most significant factors proving the importance of the Arctic include a large number of energy resources, which because of climate warming, are becoming more available, the size of the Arctic area and new transport routes. All these features make the Arctic an essential area of international engagement.
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PL
W niniejszym artykule autor przybliża przestrzeń Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej, a w niej zjawisko rywalizacji między Wschodem a Zachodem. Autor podkreśla specyfikę zaistniałej sytuacji i nazywa ją „wypychaniem” Rosji ze Wschodu. Federacja Rosyjska będąc w trudnym położeniu geopolitycznym, spychana jest do narożnika w gospodarczej konfrontacji z Chinami, co powoduje jej ofensywny marsz w region środkowoeuropejski. Autor przedstawia również szereg czynników, które mają wpływ na geopolityczną ripostę Rosji w omawianym regionie, cele jakie zamierza zrealizować i konsekwencje podejmowanych działań. Stara się także odpowiedzieć na pytanie, co Zachód może stracić a co Rosja zyskać w efekcie działań w Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej.
EN
The article outlines the space of Central and Eastern Europe and the rivalry between the East and the West. The author stresses the specific character of the current situation calling it “pushing Russia out” from the East. Being in a difficult geo-political position, the Russian Federation is cornered in the economic confrontation with China which results in its offensive march into the Central European region. The author also presents numerous factors which affect Russia’s geo-political response in that region, goals that it is going to carry out and consequences of actions taken. Moreover, he tries to answer the question what the West can lose and Russia can gain in effect of operations in Central and Eastern Europe.
EN
Changing the paradigm of the international security after the collapse of a two-bloc system resulted in the necessity to search methods and tools by Central European countries to facilitate the peaceful functioning of the new security environment. Establishing lowinstitutionalized regional cooperation by Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary in the early nineties, was targeted for integration with Western security structures and in consequence to become independent from the Soviet Union. In this article, the authors presents the shape of the cooperation of four Central European countries forming the Visegrad Group in terms of security, by its reference to the wider political – geographical extent, covering the North Atlantic Alliance and the European Union.
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