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Próby stabilizacji pokoju i bezpieczeństwa na świecie za pomocą międzynarodowego sądownictwa karnego. Cz. 2

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Milik P.

tom nr 4(53)

318-331

The author touches on problems of international penal jurisdiction treated as a tool to stabilise peace and security in the world. In a historical perspective he analyses international community efforts to call judiciary bodies in order to chase and penalise criminals charged for the heaviest violation of international humanitarian laws. The starting point of his considerations on international penalty jurisdiction is the case of Napoleon Bonaparte who was exiled for life in St. Helen’s Island for conducting invasions and wars and violating the Old Continent order established by European monarchs. The project of the first international crime tribunal drawn up by one of the International Red Cross Committee, Gustav Moynier has been presented. Then the case of German Emperor Wilhelm Hohenzollern, chased by the allies for starting World War 1 and war crimes committed by German troops, has been analysed. There also have been mentioned the attempts to call an international tribunal to judge terrorist crimes under the League of Nation authority in the 30s of the 20th century and the attempts to call permanent international judiciary under the UN auspices during the Cold War and summoning two crime tribunal for Yugoslavia and Rwanda basing on the Security Council resolutions. The article is concluded with information on signing the Rome Statute in 1998, an international agreement setting up Permanent International Crime Tribunal to start functioning in 2003.

Geneza Nadzwyczajnych Izb w sądach Kambodży jako przykład powstawania trybunału hybrydowego

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Milik P.

2011

tom nr 4(85)

247-265

The article describes the genesis of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia as an example of the origin of hybrid courts type. The hybrid courts are the new type of international bodies in the area of the international criminal law. It is interesting to know what is the triggering mechanism bringing that type of organs into existence. The article shows the stages of the process of the Cambodian hybrid court genesis, the efforts of the international community, especially the United Nations Organization, to bring that court into existence. Author analyzes difficult and complicated relations between the United Nations and the government of Cambodia in the negotiating process. Reading that article, we can realize, what were the reasons of setting up the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, that there was a need to prosecute crimes committed by the Khmer Rouge leaders in the time of their bloody regime in the 70s of the 20th century. The genesis of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia is an example of contemporary directions in the field of the international criminal law.