The main topic of the paper concerns two questions. First, is the system transformation commensurate with change of socio-political mentality. Second, might the change of socio-political mentality maintain system transformation or will make the transformation difficult. The so called four factor psychological model of success of system transformation was presented. We predicted that system transformation might be successful if: (i) people were looking into the future with optimism (or at least they were not pessimistic), (ii) the world of politics was clear and understandable to the citizens; (iii) people identified themselves with the present order and experience sense of efficiency, (iv) there was a correspondence of personal evaluational orientations and on the other hand of goals of system transformation. In the 90s. and in 2002 we observed that these criteria were not fulfilled. That time Poles were permanently pessimistic (with reference to the state situation and their own situation as well). The level of anomia and political paranoia dramatically and systematically increased. Poles were more and more politically alienated. And finally, Poles that time had been more authoritarian. We may conclude that system transformation is not commensurate with change of socio-political mentality. Is it possible that changes of socio-political mentality may make the system transformation difficult? As a conclusion, four rather speculative answers to the question posed were given, dialectical in character.