Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

A facile and effective method for preparation of 2.5-furandicarboxylic acid via hydrogen peroxide direct oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

100%

Zhang S. , Zhang L.

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2017

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tom Vol. 19, nr 1

11--16

EN

In this paper, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) was efficiently prepared by the direct oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in alkaline conditions without any catalysts. The effects of reaction parameters on the process were systematically investigated and the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: molar ratio of 5-HMF:KOH: H2O2 was 1:4:8, reaction temperature and reaction time were determined as 70°C and 15 minutes, respectively. Under these conditions, the yield of FDCA was 55.6% and the purity of FDCA could reach 99%. Moreover, we have speculated the detailed oxidation mechanism of 5-HMF assisted by hydrogen peroxide in alkaline condition to synthesize FDCA.

2

The first and second law analyses of a port-injected, spark ignition engine fuelled with compressed natural gas

100%

Zhang S. , Sobiesiak A.

Journal of KONES

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2002

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tom Vol. 9, No. 1-2

298-302

EN

Availability changes with crank angle at the optimum engine operating point of 4000 rpm and WOT for CNG fuelling, CNG and gasoline engine operations at optimal engine conditions with the equivalence ratio Ö = 1.1, distribution of fuel availability of CNG and gasoline fuelled engine at equivalence ratio of Ö = 1.1, entropy-temperature diagram for the engine optimal operating point and CNG fuelling, specific availability and internal energy vs. temperature for optimal CNG operation at WOT, 4000 rpm, pressure-volume diagram for simulated (fuel/air cycle and air cycle) results and experimental data at WOT, 4000 rpm for CNG fueled V8 engine are presented in the paper.

3

Fault Diagnosis Method Integrated Fuzzy Logic and Particle Filter for Nonlinear Systems

100%

Zhang S. , Zhu L.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2012

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tom R. 88, nr 11a

283-287

EN

A new fault diagnosis method based on integrated fuzzy logic and particle filter for nonlinear systems is proposed to improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis. The Water Level and Temperature Control System is taken as test-bed process, with different switching states simulating possible system faults. The simulation result show that the proposed method could diagnose fault more accurately than that based on two-valued logic.

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano nową metodę wykrywania awarii w opartą na logice rozmytej i filtrze cząsteczkowym. Metoda dedykowana układom nieliniowym, zwiększa dokładność detekcji stanów niepożądanych. Przeprowadzone badania symulacyjne i eksperymentalne w układzie regulacji temperatury oraz poziomu cieczy, potwierdziły zwiększoną skuteczność algorytmu dla różnych przypadków awarii.

4

Analytical solutions for flexure of rectangular orthotropic plates with opposite rotationally restrained and free edges

100%

Zhang S. , Xu L.

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tom Vol. 18, no. 3

965--972

EN

The problem of flexural characteristics of rectangular orthotropic thin plates with opposite rotationally restrained and free edges subjected to arbitrary transverse loads is investigated in present study. By introducing a rotational fixity factor to simulate the elastic rotation restraint at plate edges, the finite integral transform method is employed to obtain exact analytical solution of the problem. Numerical solutions for rectangular plates with various aspect ratios and edge flexibility are investigated and compared to the results reported in previous research. The accuracy and convergence of the present formulation are assessed by comparing with previously reported results. The excellent agreement on the results between the proposed method and previous studies indicates that the proposed method is accurate and effective.

5

Assessment of heavy metal contamination from sediment and soil in the riparian zone China’s Three Gorges Reservoir

80%

Wang Y. , Ao L. , Lei B. , Zhang S.

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nr 5

EN

In the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), sedimentation of the riparian zone has occurred over the past 10 years. However, the sediment and related environmental effects have not been explored well. In the present study, sediment and soil in situ were collected in three sites of the riparian zone in the TGR. Samples were analyzed for water content, bulk density, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and heavy metals (As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn). Results revealed that, compared with soil, water content, organic matter, and total phosphorus of sediment were high while bulk density was low. Heavy metal concentrations (As, Cu, Pb, Zn) in sediment were significantly higher than those in soil. Sediment was moderately polluted by Cu and Pb, and soil was unpolluted-moderately polluted by As and Cu. Moreover, the individual and comprehensive potential ecological risk of heavy metals from both sediment and soil showed a low degree. Enrichment of nutrients and heavy metals in sediment of the riparian zone are probably of formation regime and anthropogenic activities, and could pose risks to the environment and human health. Therefore, enhanced efforts of soil and water conservation and pollution treatment in the upper stream of the Yangtze River and the TGR area should be recommended.

6

Falcaustra sinensis sp. nov. (Nematoda, Kathlaniidae) from Indotestudo elongata in China

80%

Liu B. , Zhang S. , Zhang L.

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nr 2

EN

Falcaustra sinensis sp. nov. collected from the feces of Indotestudo elongata (Blyth) is described and illustrated. The new species can be distinguished from the congeners by the arrangement of caudal papillae of the male (6 pairs precloacal, 4 pairs postcloacal, 1 median), length of spicules (3.84–4.74 mm) and the presence of pseudosucker.

7

Study on water quantity and quality-integrated evaluation based on the natural-social dualistic water cycle

80%

Zhang S. , Hou L. , Wei C.

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tom 24

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nr 2

EN

For this study we constructed an integrated evaluation model of water quantity and quality that couples the supply-demand balance system, water consumption balance system, and a simulation model of water quality. In order to realize the dual water supply, the constraint equation of dual water supply has been added in the supply-demand balance system. The water pollution-induced water shortage quantitative identification approach and the evaluation index of the proportion between social economic water consumption and ecological water use has been put forward to evaluate the satisfaction degree of ecological water use and water quality based on simulations of water quantity and quality. This study utilizes an application of the water quantity and quality evaluation model in the main stream of the Huangshui River (Qinghai, China). The evaluation results provide support for future water resource development and management as follows: (1) the water quality-index water shortage rate of the entire area was 3.7% and in some local areas reached 25.7% (2) the proportion of ecological water use of each water resource partition were all more than 80% (3) although the ecological water demand in the rivers could be satisfied, the standard-reaching rate of water quality was very low due to the total pollutants not having been controlled.

8

An integrated treatment technology for ground fissures of shallow coal seam mining in the mountainous area of southwestern China: a typical case study

80%

Zhu H. , He F. , Zhang S. , Yang Z.

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2018

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tom T. 34, z. 1

119--138

EN

This article is the result of treatments on ground fissures for environmental protection and scientific shallow coal seam mining. In the southwestern mining area of China, the traditional longwall mining method has caused a large area of surface sinkhole, ground fissures, vegetation deterioration and disorderly coal gangue. To solve these problems, an integrated treatment technology that includes ground fissure treatment technology and underground backfilled technology was proposed as a solution. The technical principle and technical process were explained in detail; the ground fissure treatment technology involves a “three-step treatment method”, and the underground backfilled technology adopted a strip mining method with backfilling technology. The compression mechanical behavior of backfilled material, including coal gangue, fly ash and ordinary Portland cement, was studied; the mixed ratio of 1:0.3:0.18 was selected. In addition, the vertical stress, vertical displacement and plastic zone of the coal pillar were determined by FLAC3D numerical simulation, and a rational mining scheme of “11 m mining width, 2 m coal pillar width” was determined to be appropriate because of the lower vertical stress, smaller vertical displacement and better supporting capacity of the coal pillar. The monitoring results of ground sinkhole indicated that the maximal ground sinkhole deformation was 17.3 cm, and the deformation showed few changes after this technology was implemented. The treatment capacity of coal gangue and fly ash reached 821.150 t per year, and the vegetation survival rate of the ground fissure treatment area reached 85%. This integrated treatment technology could effectively control ground fissures and surface sinkhole as well as protect the environment.

PL

Artykuł jest opisem zapobiegania pęknięciom gruntu w celu ochrony środowiska, jak również naukowego podejścia do wydobywania płytko zalegających pokładów węgla. W południowo-zachodniej części górniczej Chin tradycyjna, ścianowa metoda wydobywania węgla, powodowała duży obszar powierzchniowego zapadliska, pęknięcia gruntu, pogorszenie stanu wegetacji roślin. W celu rozwiązania tych problemów zaproponowano zintegrowaną technologię zapobiegania, która obejmuje technologię zapobiegania pęknięciom gruntu i podziemną technologię podsadzki. Zasada i proces techniczny zostały szczegółowo opisane; technologia zapobiegania pęknięciom gruntu obejmuje „trójstopniową metodę zabiegu”, a technologia podsadzki zaadoptowała metodę wydobywania węgla pasami. Badano ściśliwość podsadzki, w tym odpadów węglowych, popiołu lotnego i zwykłego cementu portlandzkiego; wybrano mieszaninę o stosunku 1: 0,3: 0,18. Ponadto pionowe naprężenie, pionowe przemieszczenie i strefa plastyczności filaru węglowego zostały określone za pomocą symulacji numerycznej FLAC 3D. Racjonalny schemat wydobycia „szerokość wydobycia 11 m, szerokość filaru węglowego 2 m” był odpowiedni ze względu na niższą wartość naprężenia pionowego, mniejsze pionowe przemieszczenie i lepszą nośność filaru węglowego. Wyniki monitoringu pęknięć gruntu wskazują, że maksymalna deformacja gruntu wynosiła 17,3 cm i wykazała kilka zmian po wdrożeniu tej technologii. Ilość zagospodarowanych odpadów węglowych i popiołu lotnego wynosiła 821 150 Mg na rok, a wskaźnik przeżycia roślinności w obszarze zapobiegania pęknięciom gruntu osiągnął poziom 85%. Ta zintegrowana technologia zapobiegania może skutecznie kontrolować pęknięcia gruntu i deformację powierzchni, a także chronić środowisko.

9

A Iontophoretic delivery of transdermal patches containing ropivacaine: sustaining the anesthetic effect in children

80%

Yu T. , Zhang S. , Cao X. , Liu C.

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nr 2

10

Online fractal identification of cable’s ground fault traveling wave in mine

80%

Li W. , Zhang X. , Qi X. , Zhang S.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2012

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tom R. 88, nr 5b

48-51

EN

In order to capture the occurrence moment of traveling wave to accurately locate the ground fault of high voltage transmission electricity cable, we analyzed the transient process of the traveling wave produced by cable ground fault, finding it is a self-similar process on specific bandwidth in a strict sense, and further proposed a fractal identification algorithm based on quadratic spline orthogonal wavelet. Experiment denotes that the occurrence moment of traveling wave can be obtained from waveform on different scales by fractal identification of test signal.

PL

Opracowano system detekcji zwarć doziemnych w kablach wysokonapięciowych stosowanych w kopalniach. System bazuje na ortogonalnych splinowych falkach i realizuje identyfikację fraktalną.

11

Morphometric indices in an annual fishthe redtail notho, Nothobranchius guentheri (Actinopterygii: Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae): Influence of age and gender

80%

Pawar R. , Zhang S. , Liu C.

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nr 4

EN

Background. Though fishes grow indeterminately, very little is known of the effects of age on the morphometric indices (length, weight, and condition) in fishes as it is often difficult to cover the entire lifespan of a species in laboratory or nature. The presently reported study was thus conducted to elucidate the effects of age (and sex) on the growth indices using the annual fish and a laboratory model of aging. Materials and Methods. Experimental fish—the redtail notho, Nothobranchius guentheri (Pfeffer, 1893), were obtained by hatching the diapause eggs of the same parental lineage and reared over their entire lifespan. Length–weight measurements were recorded from 3–12 months and various indices (length–weight relation, Fulton’s condition factor, and relative condition factor) were computed and compared statistically. Results. Mean lengths, weights, length–weight relations (LWRs), Fulton’s condition factor (K) and relative condition factor (Kn) varied significantly leading to differential indices based on age and sex. Age influenced all indices positively, which is indicative of the indeterminate growth typical of fishes. Conclusion. Age was not seen to suppress the growth indices in the annual fish, which is suggestive of a healthy and delayed senescence in the annual fish N. guentheri. Whether other short- and long-lived finfish follow the same pattern needs further investigation.

12

Point pattern analysis of different life stages of Haloxylon ammodendron in desert-oasis ecotone

80%

Wang M. , Zhang S. , Chu G.

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nr 6

EN

The Haloxylon ammodendron natural desert forest is an important vegetation formation and has a large distribution area in Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Province, China. In this paper, H. ammodendron populations were mapped, characterized and the spatial distribution patterns and spatial associations of H. ammodendron among different life stages (seedlings – S, juveniles – J, mature – M, overmature – O) were analyzed using O-ring univariate O11(r) and bivariate O12(r) statistics. We found that: (1) H. ammodendron was a regenerating population. (2) H. ammodendron (S), H. ammodendron (J), and H. ammodendron (M) showed significant aggregations at scale 0-8 m, 0-27 m, and 0-35 m, respectively, whereas H. ammodendron (O) tended to have random distributions at almost all scales. (3) The spatial associations between different life stages of H. ammodendron tended to turn from positive to negative if their size differences are enlarged increasingly. Strongly positive associations were found at small scales for only two pairs: H. ammodendron (S)-H. ammodendron (J), H. ammodendron (J)-H. ammodendron (M).

13

Functional analyses of the maize CKS2 gene promoter in response to abiotic stresses and hormones

71%

Wang F. , Liu J. , Li J. , Zhang S. , Pan H.

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tom 36

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nr 07

EN

In our previous research, we showed that the cyclin-dependent kinase regulatory subunit (CKS2) in maize (Zea mays L.) was induced by water deficit and cold stress. To elucidate its expression patterns under adversity, we isolated and characterized its promoter (PZmCKS2). A series of PZmCKS2-deletion derivatives, P0–P3, from the translation start code (-1,455, -999, -367, and -3 bp) was fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene, and each deletion construct was analyzed by Agrobacterium-mediated steady transformation into Arabidopsis. Leaves were then subjected to dehydration, cold, abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA). Sequence analysis showed that several stressrelated cis-acting elements (MBS, CE3, TGA element, and ABRE) were located within the promoter. Deletion analysis of the promoter, PZmCKS2, suggested that the -999 bp promoter region was required for the highest basal expression of GUS, and the -367 bp sequence was the minimal promoter for ZmCKS2 activation by low temperature, ABA, and MeJA. The cis-acting element ABRE was necessary for promoter activation by exogenous ABA.

14

Network resource reallocation strategy based on an improved capacity-load model

71%

Zhou J. , Huang N. , Sun X. , Xing L. , Zhang S.

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2015

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tom Vol. 17, no. 4

487--495

EN

Network resource reallocation is a common way to help restore performance of network systems subject to cascading failures. Majority of current network resource allocation strategies either give little regard to or make impractical assumptions about the relationship between capacity and load of network nodes, despite this relationship is closely related to the propagation of network failures. In this work we present and verify an improved nonlinear network capacity-load model based on the actual relation between network capacity and load. According to the verified model and realistic dynamic characteristics of network loads, we propose a new network resource reallocation strategy for networks under attacks from the perspective of maintenance. The strategy aims to effectively reallocate new capacity to network nodes after cascading failures occur. Both theoretical analysis and empirical studies are performed on three typical types of complex networks. Results show that the proposed network resource reallocation strategy is more efficient in mitigating devastating impact of cascading failures on network performance, in comparison to other three existing network resource reallocation strategies.

PL

Realokacja zasobów sieci jest powszechnym sposobem, stosowanym w celu przywrócenia działania systemów sieciowych objętych awariami kaskadowymi. Większość współczesnych strategii alokacji zasobów sieciowych kładzie mały nacisk lub czyni niepraktyczne założenia dotyczące zależności między przepustowością i obciążeniem węzłów sieci, choć zależność ta jest ściśle związana z rozchodzeniem się awarii sieci. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono i zweryfikowano udoskonalony nieliniowy model przepustowości-obciążenia sieci na podstawie rzeczywistej relacji między przepustowością sieci i jej obciążeniem. Na podstawie zweryfikowanych modelu i realistycznych cech dynamicznych obciążeń sieciowych, proponujemy nową strategię realokacji zasobów dla sieci poddawanych atakom z perspektywy utrzymania ruchu. Celem strategii jest skuteczna realokacja nowej przepustowości węzłom sieci po wystąpieniu kaskadowych awarii. Przeprowadzono zarówno teoretyczne analizy, jak i badania empiryczne na trzech typowych rodzajach sieci złożonych. Wyniki pokazują, że proponowana strategia realokacji zasobów sieci jest bardziej skuteczna w zwalczaniu niszczącego wpływu kaskadowych awarii na przepustowość sieci w porównaniu do pozostałych trzech wykorzystywanych strategii realokacji zasobów sieciowych.

15

Development of vocalizations in the flat-headed bats, Tylonycteris pachypus and T. robustula (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

71%

Zhang L. , Jones G. , Parsons S. , Liang B. , Zhang S.

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tom 07

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nr 1

EN

The development of vocalizations during postnatal growth in the flat-headed bats, Tylonycteris pachypus and T. robustula in South China is described. Females of both species gave birth to twins at the end of May, and the infants flew in the last ten days of June. Vocalizations served as precursors to echolocation calls and as isolation calls (i-calls) used to attract mothers. As the infants grew, the frequency of i-calls and precursor calls increased. The duration of i-calls increased little before 6-day old and then decreased. At the same time, the duration of echolocation precursor calls decreased. The directive calls that the mother or the infant emitted when searching for each other are also described. Female directive calls are lower in frequency and longer in duration than their echolocation calls, and the duration of infant directive calls is longer than those of the i-calls and precursor calls.

16

Mathematical Model of Embedded Temperature Sensing Fabric Heat Transmission

71%

Zhang R. , Deng N. , Cheng B. , Zhang S. , Wu Y.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2016

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tom Vol. 24, no. 5 (119)

73--79

EN

In order to explore effect factors in the measurement of temperature sensing fabric, a heat transmission mathematical model of temperature sensing fabric was established. The concept of surface contact thermal resistance associated with the material thermal conductivity, fabric layer number and yarn linear density between the fabric and sensor was proposed in the model, whose surface contact thermal resistance was produced in the process of fabric heat transmission. Some test samples were woven to prove the rationality of the model. The results demonstrated that the value measured would be influenced by the performances of surface contact thermal resistance, which was consistent with the derivation of the theoretical model. The raw material, fabric layer number and yarn linear density of temperature sensing fabric had a great effect on the measurement value. The correlation coefficient reached more than 0.988 among the experimental and theoretical values, respectively, which proved that the heat transmission mathematical model of temperature sensing fabric could be applied in the research of this fabric.

PL

Opracowano matematyczny model przepływu ciepła przez tkaninę zawierającą wbudowane czujniki temperatury w celu określenia wpływu poszczególnych czynników na przebieg pomiarów. Brano pod uwagę oporność termiczną styku czujników z tkaniną związaną z przewodnością termiczną materiału, ilość warstw i masę liniową przędz w obrębie tkaniny i czujników. Uzyskane współczynniki korelacji pomiędzy wartościami eksperymentalnymi i teoretycznymi przekraczały 0,988 co potwierdza, że opracowany przez nas matematyczny model przepływu ciepła w tkaninie pomiarowej można zastosować w tego typu badaniach.

17

Construction of the master sintering curve for submicron size A-Al2O3 based on non-isothermal sintering containing lower heating rates only

71%

Shao W. , Chen S. , Li D. , Cao H. , Zhang S.

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tom Vol. 27, No. 1

97--107

EN

The master sintering curve (MSC) is quite useful for analyzing the shrinkage behaviour of ceramics. In this study, the shrinkage behaviour for ?-Al2O3 with a mean particle size of 350 nm during constantheating- rate sintering were evaluated based on the MSC theory. An MSC for the above powder has been constructed using dilatometry data containing heating rates lower than 5 °C/min only with the help of combined-stage sintering model. The validity of the MSC has been verified by a few experimental runs. A comparison between predicted and experimental shrinkage curves showed good consistency, thus confirming that it is possible to control shrinkage behaviour using the MSC. The concept of the MSC has been used to evaluate the apparent activation energy for the above powder, and a high value of 1035 kJ/mol was obtained.

18

Comparison of laparoscopic-assisted and open colopexy in dogs

71%

Zhang S. , Zhang J. , Zhang N. , Shi J. , Wang H.

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy

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2012

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tom 56

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nr 3

EN

The objective of this study was to describe laparoscopic-assisted colopexy (LAC) technique, and compare the extent of the surgical trauma after LAC and open colopexy (OC) by examing postoperative serum values of C-reactive protein (CRP) in dogs. Twelve healthy mixed-breed dogs with body weight ranging from 15 to 25 kg were used. Two portal sites were used for LAC procedures. OC was performed by laparotomy on linea alba. Colopexy was accomplished in all dogs without major intraoperative and postoperative complications. A permanent adhesion between the colon and abdominal wall was observed. There were statistically significant differences in serum CRP levels between LAC and OC immediately after the procedure and 1 d post operation. LAC had a similar pexy effect to OC, but had fewer surgical trauma than OC in dogs.

19

Applications of digital technology for the morphological study of C3–C7 vertebral arch pedicle in children

71%

Zhang S. , Wang X. , Ren X. , Li Z. , Zhang Y.

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tom 76

|

nr 3

EN

Background: This study aims to investigate the morphological characteristics and developmental patterns of the vertebral arch pedicle (VAP) in the lower cervical vertebrae of children, and to subsequently help guide the implantation of the pedicle screw. Materials and methods: The cervical vertebral multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) data of 60 paediatric patients aged 4–12 years were collected and grouped. A reconstructed 3-dimensional model measured the following: pedicle width (PW), pedicle height (PH), pedicle osseous channel (POCL), pedicle transverse angle (PTA, namely the E angle), and pedicle sagittal angle (PTA, namely the F angle). Results: We calculated the ratio of PW/PH (I value) to assess the statistical difference between age groups and segments. The PW, PH, POCL, and E angles exhibited an overall increasing trend with increasing age. The PW, PH, and POCL of each vertebra in group C showed statically significant differences compared to groups A and B (p < 0.05). The PW of different vertebral sequences in each group showed a gradually increasing trend. The intervertebral F angle among different groups showed the biggest difference, a change from positive values to negative values gradually, among which the negative value of C7’s F angle was the largest. The I value exhibited an overall decreasing trend with increasing age. Conclusions: The morphological characteristics and development of the different pedicle segments exhibited obvious patterns. In the lower cervical vertebrae of children over 7 years of age, the vertebrae had the feasibility for the implantation of pedicle screws. (Folia Morphol 2017; 76, 3: 426–432)

20

Isolation and characterization of heavy metal - resistant bacterias capable of removing Cr(VI)

71%

Wang P. , Ma Y. , Wang C. , Zhang S. , Cheng S.

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tom 24

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nr 1

EN

A total of 53 strains of chromium-resistant bacteria were isolated from Meiliang Bay of Taihu Lake, China and were tested for Cr(VI) resistance. The strain THKCS311 with the maximum growth value under Cr(VI) stress was regarded as the optimal strain for further study. The partial sequences were amplified from the strain and the BLAST query revealed that it was closely related to Bacillus sp., and it had 98% homologous to Bacillus mycoides strain 273 and Bacillus anthracis strain ATCC 14578. Batch experiments were conducted to remove Cr(VI) using THKCS311, and the effects of the initial Cr(VI) concentration, pH, and temperature condition on Cr(VI) removal efficiency were investigated. The results showed that Bacillus sp. can mediate reduction of Cr(VI)-Cr(III), and the removal efficiency decreased with the increase of initial Cr(VI) concentration. The removal efficiency of Cr(VI) was highest at pH 6.5 and 35ºC, and removal efficiencies were 59.2% and 60.7%, respectively. SEM micrographs indicated that THKCS311 cells were irregular and cracked with the appearance of wrinkles on the surface after Cr(VI) stress.