Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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O potrzebie przywrócenia właściwego statusu Radzie do spraw Bezpieczeństwa Jądrowego i Ochrony Radiologicznej

100%

Nowacki T.

Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne studia nad prawem

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2021

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tom 13

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nr 3

255-275

EN

The article covers the issue of the functioning of one of the advisory bodies of central governmental administration, i.e. the Council for Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection Affairs, which is associated with the President of the National Atomism Agency (PAA), the chief nuclear supervision body in Poland, which is the competent authority in nuclear safety and radiation protection affairs, as defined in the Atomic Law (Prawo atomowe). The article presents the objectives of the functioning of the Council as an advisory body to the nuclear supervision authority on the basis of international and European law and the views of the nuclear energy law doctrine. In relation to the Council, an important role is played by soft law acts, especially the so-called IAEA safety standards. Despite the fact that they are not legally binding, they constitute a valuable and extensive collection of recommendations supporting regional and national legislative activity. The purpose of this study is also a critical analysis of the amendment to the Atomic Law from 2016 in the section relating to changes made to the way of shaping the Council’s make-up. They caused the loss of one of the Council’s most important attributes, i.e. independence in the decision-making process and they deprived the President of the PAA (decision-making body) of influence on shaping its make-up. The changes introduced should be interpreted as an unequivocal negation of the ratio legis of appointing the Council and a significant step backwards in relation to the existing practice and legislative trends in recent years. The author postulates restoring the previous legal solutions as the ones that will allow the Council, the advisory body, to fulfil its function in the right way, really supporting the decision-making authority for which it works.

PL

Artykuł podejmuje problematykę funkcjonowania jednego z organów doradczych centralnych organów administracji rządowej, tj. Rady do spraw Bezpieczeństwa Jądrowego i Ochrony Radiologicznej działającej przy Prezesie Państwowej Agencji Atomistyki, naczelnym organie dozoru jądrowego w Polsce, właściwym w sprawach bezpieczeństwa jądrowego i ochrony radiologicznej określonym ustawą Pr. atm. Artykuł przedstawia założenia funkcjonowania Rady jako organu doradczego organu dozoru jądrowego w oparciu o prawo międzynarodowe i europejskie oraz poglądy doktryny prawa energii jądrowej. Ważną rolę w odniesieniu do Rady spełniają akty soft law, w szczególności tzw. standardy bezpieczeństwa Międzynarodowej Agencji Energii Atomowej (IAEA safety standards). Mimo że nie mają mocy wiążącej, stanowią wartościowy i obszerny zbiór zaleceń wspomagających działalność prawodawczą na poziomie regionalnym i krajowym. Celem opracowania jest również krytyczna analiza nowelizacji Prawa atomowego (Pr. atm.) z 2016 r. w części odnoszącej się do zmian przeprowadzonych w zakresie sposobu kształtowania składu Rady.

2

Cartographic presentation - from simple to complex map

63%

Korycka-Skorupa J. , Nowacki T.

Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development

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2019

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tom 23

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nr 1

16-22

EN

Nowadays a lot of people are trying to make maps, and especially digital maps. A wide range of computer tools and high graphic capabilities have together made maps increasingly popular and seemingly easy to prepare for any person who can use a computer. It seems necessary to verify the bases of the cartographic presentation methods. There is a need for a new, formalized view of the method as a sequence of steps from data collection, to correct presentation, to map. Two terms related to cartographic presentation should be distinguished in this article: “methods” and “forms.” A method is understood as the process by which data is transformed into a presentation. A form is understood as the end result of this process, i.e. the resulting graphical image or map. In the article five types of cartographic presentation are indicated. In the successive types, one can observe an increasing degree of complexity of cartographic presentation.

3

Choropleth maps and diagram maps in atlas of cartographic presentation methods

51%

Pasławski J. , Korycka-Skorupa J. , Nowacki T. , Opach T. , Szmajda D.

Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development

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2012

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tom 16

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nr 1

49-56

EN

The online Atlas kartograficznych metod prezentacji [Atlas of cartographic presentation methods, hereinafter the Atlas] is a research project being carried out at the Department of Cartography of the University of Warsaw. The aim of the project is to systematize knowledge about the use of cartographic presentation methods. This study discusses selected issues related to two of the five presentation methods analysed in the project, viz. the choropleth map and the diagram map. A rational application of two quite commonly-used presentation methods leads to a number of problems. These problems are most easily visible during attempts to program its implementation in the web-based Atlas and are largely due to the difficulties with drawing a clear boundary between what is a good and a bad map. For this reason, the system operator’s skill and eye for the graphics of semi-automated visualisation seem to be of key importance.