Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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The Yew Cross from Szczuczyn – a Symbol of Life and Death or an Unusual Memento?

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Michalik J.

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tom 17

71-79

EN

Archaeological research in the crypts of the Church of the Holy Name of the Virgin Mary in Szczuczyn has been carried out since 2012. Many years of research have made it possible to identify some of the buried people, including the Piarists who served as the hosts of the church. One of the monks identified was Stanislaw Marszycki, who took the name Simeon of St Joseph after his monastic vows. Identification of the Piarist was possible thanks to the information on the coffin. On the deceased’s vestments rested a wooden crucifix, which can be interpreted as part of the deceased’s individual equipment.The crucifix was subjected to wood species identification using a microscope with transmitted light. This made it possible to determine that it was made from the wood of the common yew tree (Taxus baccata L.). Yew wood is a valuable material and was used to make both large boatbuilding components, furniture, and weapons, and was also readily used in 18th-century gardens. The yew was also a tree around which there was a great deal of superstition. Because of its toxicity and longevity, it was treated as both a tree of death and life. The cross from the monk’s coffin, according to superstition, might have guarded the deceased against evil, been an individual object with which the deceased was associated, or perhaps was chosen because yew wood was eminently polishable and with a beautiful colouration.

2

Holy Medals with Secondary Holes as Examples of the Recycling of Historical Devotional Objects

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Michalik J. , Nalaskowski F.

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tom 17

101-108

EN

Holy medals belong to a group of historical artefacts known as devotional objects and they appear in this category beside crosses, scapulars or prayer beads. They are regarded as miniature forms of large medals and are seldom made of noble metals, but rather corrosion resistant alloys. Medals occur the most often in an oval form, with a separated loop for hanging, but there are also circular, rectangular or octagonal forms. The work below is an attempt to study a special form of medals – perforated secondarily – as a historical form of recycling. Such a treatment led them to be regarded as retrieved objects, retaining their original function. Studying the manufacturing features of these objects allows us to distinguish between original and secondary perforations. The latter were made when the original eye was broken or lost. The intentions of persons who decided to recycle devotional objects for material, spiritual or mystic reasons are an important part of this paper. The article is based on studies of artefacts obtained during archaeological excavations at sites in Gniew in Pomerania (Poland) and Dubno in Volhynia (Ukraine).

3

A Double Child Coffin from the Southern Crypt of the Holy Trinity Church in Radzyń Podlaski (19th Century)

51%

Dabralet I. , Michalik J. , Grupa M. , Gałka B.

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tom 17

89-100

EN

The lives of children in the past were both ephemeral and fragile. The birth of a child, although expected and prayed for, was inevitably connected with the fear of death of both the mother and child, and every childbirth was a kind of a challenge. Unfortunately, in many cases, it finished with death during the delivery or just after. Surviving childhood safely was a constant struggle for the smaller members of a community. This information is evidenced during archaeological explorations of churches and burial grounds. No matter whether they were rich or poor, death took its toll on every social group. There was only the difference in the way of burial ceremony and accessories attributed to it. Some of the child burials were comparable with the richest burials of adults. One of them, a burial in a double coffin, attracted archaeologists’ attention at the very beginning of exploration in Radzyń Podlaski. A child burial in a double coffin can be classified as a unique find, not only in the area of Poland but also in Europe.

4

Skarby przedmiotów metalowych z Dargobądza i Kamienia Pomorskiego w zbiorach Muzeum Ziemi Kamieńskiej w Kamieniu Pomorskim

38%

Nowak K. , Baron J. , Michalik J. , Sych D. , Grześkowiak M. , Kurka G.

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2023

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nr 19

201-219

PL

W ostatnich latach na terenie północnej Polski odkryto kilka zespołów i pojedynczych obiektów, które generalnie można datować na początek epoki brązu. W artykule przedstawiono dwa nowo odkryte skarby przedmiotów metalowych znalezione w Kamieniu Pomorskim (8 zabytków) i Dargobądzu, pow. kamieński (3 zabytki). Ich chronologię ustalono na koniec wczesnej epoki brązu i początek drugiego okresu epoki brązu na podstawie cech stylistycznych, a także wyników datowania radiowęglowego drewnianych pozostałości rękojeści topora. Ustalono także, że trzon wykonano z miękkiego drewna lipowego.

EN

In recent years, several assemblages as well as individual objects have been discovered in northern Poland which can be dated to the beginning of the Bronze Age. The article presents two newly discovered hoards of metal objects found in Kamień Pomorski (eight artefacts) and Dargobądz, Kamień Pomorski district (three artefacts). Their chronology was determined to be the end of the Early Bronze Age and the beginning of the second period of the Bronze Age based on their stylistic features, as well as on the results of radiocarbon dating of the wooden remains of the axe handle. It was also established a shaft was made of soft linden wood.