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Analysis of C-shape Slotted MSPA for 5G Sub Band Applications on Three Different Substrates

100%

Nagaraju P. , Sachina D. H. , Khan I. , Kumaraswamy H. V. , Sudhindra K. R.

tom Vol. 68. No. 4

715--719

A comparative analysis of a compact planar Square patch Microstrip Multiband antenna on three different substrates is proposed. The proposed design has a C-shaped slot etched on the square radiating part and the antenna is energized using microstrip feed line. RT Duroid (ε r= 2.2), Taconic (ε r= 3.2) and FR4 (ε r= 4.4) substrates are used for simulation analysis. The flow of current is modified by the C-shaped slot making the antenna to resonate at 3/4 and 6 bands for RT Duroid/Taconic and FR4 substrates respectively suitable for 5G sub GHz applications. The antenna has a compact dimension of 32 × 32 × 1.6 mm 3 and exhibits a return loss, S11 of less than -10dB for all the resonating frequencies for all three substrates. The analysis has been done by considering the S11 (Return loss <-10 dB), Directivity, Antenna Gain, VSWR and surface current distribution. Table II provides the comparison of parameters for different substrate material.

Agronomic Bio-fortification of Zinc Improves the Yield and Quality of Fodder Oat

72%

Asif M. , Asad M. S. , Safdar M. E. , Khan I. , Akhtar N. , Hassan M. A. , Moosa M. , Baoyi Z. , Almoallim H. S. , Ansari M. J.

tom Vol. 25, nr 6

153--163

Oat is an important winter fodder crop grown in large areas all over the world. Oat is a good source of nutrition and energy, but it is poor in zinc. Presently, livestock is suffering from malnutrition due to a deficiency of zinc, which has a greater impact on livestock and ultimately on human health. An easy and cost-effective approach to adding nutrients to plants without altering their genetic makeup is agronomic biofortification. Application of nutrients to oat via bio-fortification may enhance the overall biomass production and quality of fodder. Hence, a field study was performed to understand the impact of bio-fortification with zinc on quality along with biomass production of oats. Treatment comprised of control (No Zn), Zn at 4 kg soil application, Zn at 6 kg soil application, Zn at 8 kg soil application, Zn at 4 kg soil application+0.5% zinc sulfate as foliar application, Zn at 6 kg soil application+0.5% zinc sulfate as foliar application and Zn at 8 kg soil application+0.5% zinc sulfate as foliar application. The study revealed that Zn at 6 kg soil application+0.5% zinc sulfate foliar application produced maximum plant height (207.7 cm), leaf area index (15.78), crop growth rate (9.1 gm-2day-1), stem diameter (0.073 cm), number of tillers (204), fresh fodder yield (76.6 t·ha-1), dry matter yield (32.27 t·ha-1), ash contents (10.3%) and plant zinc contents (70.0 ppm). Control treatment produced maximum crude fiber contents (40.70%), acid detergent fiber contents (35.77%), and neutral detergent fiber contents (72.71%). In conclusion, the bio-fortification of zinc not only enhanced the biomass and yield of oat but also increased the availability of zinc in plants.