Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Old forensic Evidence, Contemporary Resources of forensic Science and the Police X-Files — Crime is Not an Abstract and theoretical Entity Out of Touch with Reality

100%

Zubańska M.

Internal Security

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2018

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tom 10(1)

107-124

EN

The obligation to prosecute the perpetrator of any crime throughout the entire period of its punishability is one of the statutory tasks of the Police. The prominent forensic scientist — Hans Gross claimed that crime is not an abstract and theoretical entity out of touch with reality, but a real social phenomenon that can be investigated and recognised. Nevertheless, archive shelves contain records of undetected crimes from the past years that cast a shadow over police statistics and never give investigators any peace of mind. These undetected crimes from a few, a dozen or even several dozen years ago, are reinvestigated by officers from the Cold Case Units (colloquially referred to as the Police X-Files). Currently, such a unit operates in each regional police headquarters as well as in the National Police Headquarters. The methods and means that the X-Files investigators take advantage of depend on the specificity of an individual case, however, in the model of their conduct, it is forensic science that plays a significant role — alongside covert policing or criminal analysis. Physical evidence plays a huge role in determining the objective truth, and thanks to the research methods and tools currently available to crime scene investigators, the boundaries of learning about the reality are expanding. Despite the passage of time, the purpose of criminal proceedings is achieved, i.e. perpetrators of many crimes committed years ago are identified and brought to justice.

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Demand for scientific methods of detecting crimes and criminals, i.e. the beginnings of forensic science in the structures of the Polish State Police

63%

Zubańska M. , Zubański S.

Internal Security

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2019

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tom Special Issue

59-69

EN

The history of forensic science (from Latin criminalis, concerning a crime) is inextricably linked to the history of law enforcement agencies. This science grew out of the needs of the law and serves its implementation to this day. Its interest is focused on the crime in concreto. As an independent scientific discipline, it developed only at the end of the 19th century and was connected with the date of publication of the work Handbuch fur Untersuchungsrichter, Polizeibeamte, Gendarmen u.s.w. by the Austrian investigating judge H. Gross in 1893. Its author noticed the correctness (very accurate) that every achievement in the field of natural sciences and technical sciences can serve the purpose of combating crime. W. Sobolewski is considered a precursor of Polish forensic science. In September 1919 he joined the State Police and started working as an inspection officer. Then he became the commander of the Main Police School and Officer School in Warsaw. In 1929 he was sent to Vienna for a forensic course. Then W. Sobolewski headed the Police Laboratory at the Headquarters of the Investigation Service in Warsaw, and since 1931 the Department of Investigation Technology, in which, at the request of the court, police authorities and military institutions, forensic expert opinions were carried out, including dactyloscopic, weapons and handwriting. They were of great evidential importance for the courts. It continues to be so today. Beginning in the interwar period, the Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police is a research institute recognized in Poland and abroad, which carries out tasks in the field of technical and criminal protection of the process of preventing and combating crime, among others, by performing research and implementation, comparative and expert work in the field of forensic science.

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Psycho-physiological Recorder — Seeking Inspiration from the Polygraph

63%

Zubańska M. , Bonus-Dzięgo A.

Internal Security

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2014

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tom 6(2)

135-152

EN

The effectiveness of uniformed officers is determined by many factors, but special significance is attributed to cognitivecompetence. The requirement to develop cognitive functions is the solution to meeting the new challenges constantly posed bychanging situations. The Police Academy, Szczytno, has created the concept of a developmental project entitled The Developmentof an Interactive Psycho-stimulator Trainer for Police Officers to meet the need for the development of cognitive skills in uniformedofficers. The main objective of the project is to develop and implement an innovative diagnostic and training system forthe evaluation and stimulation of cognitive and psychomotor skills in police officers. An additional feature of the system will bea psycho-physiological module designed for training in coping with stress and an advanced system enabling quick and effectiveassessment of the performance of the mental functions of officers prior to commencing particularly difficult and dangerous duties.Self-awareness of tension and physiological changes caused by the performance of difficult tasks is a very important issue, whichis the basis for the evolution of the response in, for example, critical situations. At the commencement of work on the conceptof the module, priority was given to the functionality and mobility of the device. It was assumed that the user could connect simplesensors to the finger of the left or right hand and carry out game tasks requiring perception, attention, skills of analysis and decisionmaking.The system reads the psycho-physiological parameters of the user and at the end of the game or test reports the changesin the level of stress in the physiological sphere. After performing several tasks, the user will be able to assess the effects of theirtraining. The use of the recorder module will enable individuals to control the level of the measured variables, so that they gainknowledge about their reactions of which they are often unaware and which have a significant impact on the actions that they take.