Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Analiza trwałych izotopów węgla i azotu w szczątkach osobników pochowanych na grodzisku w Grzybowie

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Lisowska-Gaczorek A. , Szostek K. , Wrzesiński J.

Studia Lednickie

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2022

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tom 21

285-299

EN

The teeth of the specimens explored at the Grzybowo site (a male Maturus and a child in the Infans I age category) were analysed for diagenesis, followed by carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition. All the analysed samples were within the normal ranges of collagen diagenesis indicators, which allowed isotopic analyses. The child’s isotopic values indicate that he/she had access to maternal milk at the age of 3. The δ13C and δ15N isotopic delta values obtained for an adult in the collagen of tooth roots representing the period of mineralization of the aforementioned structures (13-16 years of age) indicate that the male was characterized by a terrestrial type of diet during the aforementioned period of life. A significant quantitative predominance in his diet (about 86% to 95%) was accounted for by plants of the C3 photosynthetic pathway (e.g., wheat, rye, barley, vegetables and fruits) and meat from animals consuming C3 plants. A small supplementation with products withigher (less negative) concentrations of δ13C (perhaps plants of the C4 pathway, e.g. millet) also cannot be ruled out. The analysis of the proportions of plant and animal proteins in the individual’s diet suggests that the male consumed similar amounts of protein from plants and animal meat.

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Application of FTIR method to identify symbolic graves on the example of the Pomeranian culture face urn from Tuszkowo

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Stepanczak B. , Dziegielewski K. , Los J. , Szostek K.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2011

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tom 63

135-148

EN

Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a basic tool used in biological sciences to characterise and identify various types of compounds or their mixtures. Lately it is in use also in archaeometry. The FTIR method can be useful for verifying symbolic graves (cenotaphs) or so-called vessels without bones. The a priori interpretation of such remains often raises doubts. The case analysed in the article is a fully preserved face urn discovered in a cist grave on the cemetery at Tuszkowo, Kujawsko-Pomorskie province. The presence of a thin (1 cm) layer of sand on the vessel's bottom might raise doubts concerning actual lack of human remains. To dissolve any doubts, the sediment's sample was analysed using the FTIR technique.

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Oxygen isotopic fractionation in rat bones as a result of consuming thermally processed water – bioarchaeological applications

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Lisowska-Gaczorek A. , Szostek K. , Pawlyta J. , Cienkosz-Stepańczak B.

Geochronometria

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2020

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tom Vol. 47, no.1

1--12

EN

Stable isotope analyses of oxygen are used in anthropology for such purposes as determination of origin of individuals, tracking migration routes or dynamics of human community relocation. The methodology related to oxygen isotope analysis has been founded on the relationship between its isotopic composition within phosphate groups of bone tissue (δ18Op) in individuals being analysed and the water consumed by such individuals (δ18Ow). Such a relationship has been observed in many species of mammals, including humans. However, the influence of culinary practices on the isotopic delta values of apatite phosphates of individuals has not yet been researched. The present study, which was conducted using laboratory rats, is an investigation of the influence of the thermal processing of water drank by such rats on the isotopic composition (δ18Op) of bone apatite. Increasing the value of the isotopic composition of water by about 6.1 ‰ during boiling resulted in an increase in the oxygen isotopic value δ18Op of rats drinking the water by about 4 ‰ (29%). It can be expected that regular consumption of heavily isotopic drinks and foods by humans may cause the δ18Op of individuals to exceed the range of isotopic environmental variability, even by a few per mille.

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Past inhabitants of Garbary – a biocultural perspective

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Przesmycka A. , Dryja S. , Szostek K. , Niedźwiecka E. , Lempart A. , Haduch E.

Folia Historica Cracoviensia

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2015

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tom 21

209-249

EN

The present work analyses the bone material unearthed at the graveyard of St Peter the Little’s Church in Garbary. The study is based on research from the years 1978 and 2012. A total of 111 skeletons were analysed, all of them of medium condition, dating back to the modern period. The material’s diversity level was verified by biological distance assessment. Ward’s method was used for selected measurement features of the neurocranium and the facial skeleton. Sex and age were established simultaneously by means of methods commonly applied in anthropology. The assessment was based on the morphology of the skull and pelvic bones as well as the deciduous and permanent teeth eruption sequence. Cranial measurements and indices were subjected to analysis. Osteometric data provided the basis for an analysis of long bone symmetry, limb length and proportions and bone massiveness indices. A multi-planar reconstruction of individuals’ stature was performed by means of regression formulas developed by various authors. Sexual dimorphism index served indirectly as a measurement of the living conditions of individuals in the population, whereas an analysis of muscular and skeletal stress markers on bones allowed us to evaluate build types. Calculated life expectancy table parameters were used to recreate e.g. individuals’ lifespans and life expectancy structure (by age at death) characteristic of historical populations of Krakow.

PL

W pracy dokonano analizy materiału kostnego wyeksplorowanego z obszaru cmentarza przy kościele św. Piotra Małego na Garbarach. Badania prowadzone były w latach 1978 i 2012. Analizie poddano 111 szkieletów, o średnim stanie zachowania, datowanych na okres nowożytny. Sprawdzono stopień różnorodności materiału z wykorzystaniem oceny odległości biologicznej. Zastosowano metodę Warda dla wybranych cech pomiarowych mózgoczaszki i twarzoczaszki. Płeć i wiek zostały ocenione kompleksowo z zastosowaniem metod powszechnie przyjętych w antropologii. Wykorzystano ku temu morfologię czaszki i kości miednicznych, jak również sekwencję wyrzynania się zębów mlecznych i stałych. Analizie poddano pomiary i wskaźniki czaszek. W oparciu o pomiary osteometryczne wykonano analizę symetryczności kości długich, długości i proporcji kończyn oraz wskaźników masywności kości. Wielopłaszczyznową rekonstrukcję wysokości ciała osobników przeprowadzono przy użyciu równań regresji różnych autorów. Wskaźnik dymorfizmu płciowego pośrednio posłużył jako miara warunków życia osobników w populacji, natomiast analiza wyznaczników stresu mięśniowo-szkieletowego na kościach pozwoliła na ocenę typu budowy ciała. Obliczone parametry tablicy wymieralności posłużyły odtworzeniu m.in. długości życia osobników i struktury wymieralności według wieku zmarłych zachodzącej w jednej z dawnych populacji krakowskich.