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2 Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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ПРОФЕСІЙНЕ ВИГОРАННЯ ЯК ПЕРЕШКОДА ПІЗНАВАЛЬНО-ТВОРЧОЇ САМОРЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ КАДРІВ

100%

Микола С.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

2016

nr 8(62)

74-84

The article is devoted to revealing the key aspects of professional burnout as obstacles to cognitive and creative self-realization of teachers. The first place among great numbers of published researches on the issue of burnout, takes up the articles relating to teachers’ work. Burnout syndrome as a result of job stress has been extensively studied for over 30 years in the foreign psychology. In Ukrainian science the great interest to it has arisen recently, that is why this subject has not received appropriate consideration. The following methods of research were used: system-structural and functional analysis, theoretical analysis of Ukrainian, Russian and foreign scientific sources. In the context of our research we consider it necessary to review the concept of creativity. Analysis of psychological and educational research indicates that the problem of creativity is considered in the following aspects: philosophical, psychological and pedagogical. The subject of creativity is a human. The most important characteristics of educational creativity are: a high level of social and moral consciousness; search and problematic way of thinking; developed intellectual and logical abilities; vision problem; creative imagination, developed imagination; specific personal qualities; specific leading motives. Creatively working teacher could provide self-realization of his/her own personal creativity and create conditions for active students’ learning. But the problem of burnout appears. Burnout syndrome is one of the phenomena of personal deformation. There are three factors of professional burnout: personal, role and organizational. Personal factor includes motivation, variants of stress reaction and other personal features. Role factor is connected with role conflicts and role uncertainty. Organizational factor includes characteristics of professional tasks, type of leading, level of responsibility. So we got a theoretical justification for increased attention to the issue of prevention of burnout, because it reduces the creative self-realization, and has negative impact on the human psyche, which could cause further psychological disorders. The perspective of further research is to develop training programs for teachers to maintain and strengthen the mental health.

ДОСВІД США В ПІДГОТОВЦІ МАГІСТРІВ ІЗ ПЕДАГОГІЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ

63%

Ганна Д. , Микола С.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

2017

nr 5(69)

25-34

Historical peculiarities of development of higher education in the United States became the reason that there are no unique requirements for applicants in this country. It depends on the type of institution and its prestige. The higher education system in the United States includes two sectors: private and public. The content of higher education in the most universities in the USA includes the following: 1) Biological Sciences (Agriculture, Biochemistry, Biology, Biotechnology, Ecology, Pharmacology, Medicine, Microbiology, etc.); 2) Physical Science (Geology, Electronics, Physics, Chemistry, Ceramics, Cybernetics, Computer Knowledge, Mathematics, Radiology, Statistics, etc.); 3) Humanities (Philosophy, History, Art History, Classical Philology, Linguistics, Psycholinguistics, etc.); 4) Social Sciences (Anthropology, Geography, Economics, Criminology, Pedagogy, Political Science, Psychology, Law, etc.). The master’s degree is possible in two basic types of programs: academic and professional. The degrees of Master of Arts (MA) and Master of Science (MSc) are typically awarded in the traditional natural Sciences and the Humanities. The degree of Master of Science (MSc) is also awarded in technical fields such as engineering and agriculture. In order to study for a master’s program, the student must take a test designed for entering the so-called graduate school. Depending on the results and average score of the marks obtained, the Selection Committee can designate the scholarship or reject it. There are two opposite tendencies in the content of USA pedagogical education: synthesized teaching pedagogy and the separate study of individual disciplines (Philosophy of Education, History of Pedagogy, Pedagogical Psychology, Pedagogical Sociology). Teachers training belongs to the Humanities. According to the Classifier of educational programmes – 2010 developed by the National center for education statistics, U.S. Department of education, specialty 13.0406 Higher education is the direction of preparation 13.04 “Education Management and Inspection”. Teacher education in the United States focuses primarily on the preparation of teachers-experts who know how to apply their knowledge and multifunctional skills in schools of different types. Therefore the main objective of vocational teacher education is the practical pedagogical training.