Based on concepts for semigroup theory, fractional calculus, Banach contraction principle and Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem (FPT), this manuscript is principally involved with existence results of Riemann-Liouville (RL) fractional neutral integro-differential systems (FNIDS) with nonlocal conditions (NLCs) in Banach spaces. An example is offered to demonstrate the theoretical concepts.
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Recently Caputo and Fabrizio suggested new definition of fractional derivative that the new kernel has no singularity. In this paper, an analytical method for solving Riccati differential equation with a new fractional derivative is reported. We present numerical results of solving the fractional Riccati differential equations by using the variational iteration method and its modification. The obtained results of two methods demonstrate the efficiency and simplicity of the MVIM that gives good approximations for a larger interval.
Heavy metal ions (e.g. cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, arsenic, lead, zinc) have significantly serious side effects on the human health. They can bind with proteins and enzymes, altering their activity, increasing neurotoxicity, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), promote cellular stress and resulting in their damage. Furthermore, the size, shape and type of metal are important for considering nano- or microtoxicity. It then becomes clear that the levels of these metals in drinking water are an important issue. Herein, a new micro-mechanical sensor is proposed to detect and measure these hazardous metals. The sensor consists of a micro-beam inside a micro-container. The surface of the beam is coated with a specific protein that may bind heavy metals. The mass adsorbed is measured using the resonant frequency shift of the micro-beam. This frequency shift due to the admissible mass (which is considered acceptable for drinking water based on the World Health Organization (WHO) standard) of manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) is investigated for the first, second and third mode, respectively. Additionally, the effects of micro-beam off-center positions inside the micro-container and the mass location and investigated.