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1
Content available Psychological universals and nomothetic aspirations of social psychology
100%
Dymkowski M.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
|
2012
|
tom 43
|
nr 2
93-100
EN
The experimental social psychology basically rejects idiographism, though its nomothetism is only sometimes similar to the one that dominates in natural traditions. This is illustrated in the paper on instances of the selected theories. They often differ from their equivalents in the natural sciences because they describe the instruments of human psychological functioning which either are non-universal or appear with various frequency in different cultural and/or historical contexts, fulfill diverse functions there, and even sometimes have a different meanings.
2
Content available Afterthoughts on biases in history perception
100%
Dymkowski M.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
|
2010
|
tom 41
|
nr 2
84-90
EN
Contemporary social psychology describes various deformations of processing social information leading to distortions of knowledge about other people. What is more, a person in everyday life refers to lay convictions and ideas common in his/ her cultural environment that distort his/her perceptions. Therefore it is difficult to be surprised that authors of narrations in which participants of history are presented use easily available common-sense psychology, deforming images of both the participants of history and their activities, as well as the sequence of events determined by these activities. Which cognitive biases, how often, and in what intensity they will be presented in historical narrations depend on statements of dominating common-sense psychology. The article outlines some biases made by historian-lay psychologists, such as attributional asymmetry or hindsight effects, whose occurrence in their thinking, as formed in the cultural sphere of the West, influences history perception and conducted historical interpretations.
3
Content available Afterthoughts on biases in history perception
100%
Dymkowski M.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
|
2010
|
tom 41
|
nr 2
84-90
EN
Contemporary social psychology describes various deformations of processing social information leading to distortions of knowledge about other people. What is more, a person in everyday life refers to lay convictions and ideas common in his/ her cultural environment that distort his/her perceptions. Therefore it is difficult to be surprised that authors of narrations in which participants of history are presented use easily available common-sense psychology, deforming images of both the participants of history and their activities, as well as the sequence of events determined by these activities. Which cognitive biases, how often, and in what intensity they will be presented in historical narrations depend on statements of dominating common-sense psychology. The article outlines some biases made by historian-lay psychologists, such as attributional asymmetry or hindsight effects, whose occurrence in their thinking, as formed in the cultural sphere of the West, influences history perception and conducted historical interpretations.
4
Content available Psychological universals and nomothetic aspirations of social psychology
100%
Dymkowski M.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
|
2012
|
tom 43
|
nr 2
93-100
EN
The experimental social psychology basically rejects idiographism, though its nomothetism is only sometimes similar to the one that dominates in natural traditions. This is illustrated in the paper on instances of the selected theories. They often differ from their equivalents in the natural sciences because they describe the instruments of human psychological functioning which either are non-universal or appear with various frequency in different cultural and/or historical contexts, fulfill diverse functions there, and even sometimes have a different meanings.
5
Komentowanie komentarzy: o uniwersalnych teoriach i ich przydatności w psychologii społecznej
100%
Dymkowski M.
Psychologia Społeczna
|
2007
|
tom 2
|
nr 3-4(5)
280-285
EN
In this answer to comments on my target article, social psychology was presented as a nomothetical science. This science needs general, universally accurate theories that will take into account various psychological universals. Sometimes such theories possess features similar to “the theories of the middle range”, whose status and tasks are different in experimental social psychology and in sociology.
6
Content available O osobliwościach kulturowo uwarunkowanych uniwersaliów psychologicznych
100%
Dymkowski M.
Studia Socjologiczne
|
2014
|
nr 3(214)
29–43
PL
Artykuł odwołuje się do ustaleń psychologii, zwłaszcza eksperymentalnej psychologii społecznej, jak też socjologii i antropologii kulturowej. Zarysowuje i ilustruje na wybranych przykładach osobliwości uniwersaliów psychologicznych pozbawionych umocowania biologicznego. Jak się argumentuje, są one wytworami przydatności atrybutów lub mechanizmów psychicznych w adaptacjach kulturowych do środowiska naturalnego. Takie powszechniki o kulturowej genezie nie mają odpowiedników w naukach nomotetycznych. Zwykle pojawiają się w rozmaitych kontekstach kulturowych czy historycznych z różną częstością i intensywnością, czasem pełnią tam odmienne funkcje. W rezultacie opisujące je teorie psychologii społecznej nieuchronnie różnią się od teorii charakterystycznych dla nauk przyrodniczych, które bywają spostrzegane przez psychologów społecznych jako niedościgniony ideał.
EN
The paper builds on settlements of psychology, especially of experimental social psychology, and refers to sociology and cultural anthropology as well. It outlines and illustrate by selected examples the peculiarities of psychological universals without biological foundations. It is argued that they are the results of usefulness of psychological attributes/mechanisms in cultural adaptations to natural environment. The universals of cultural genesis do not have the equivalents in the nomothetical sciences. They usually appear in various cultural/historical contexts with varying frequency and intensity, and sometimes perform there diverse functions. Accordingly, the social psychology theories that focus on such universals unavoidably differ from the theories typical of natural sciences, which are perceived by social psychologists as the matchless ideal.
7
W sprawie teoretycznego zaplecza psychoterapii
100%
Dymkowski M.
Psychologia Społeczna
|
2008
|
tom 3
|
nr 4(9)
318-320
EN
The critique by Witkowski and Fortuna of pseudoscience which sometimes serves as a theoretical basis of psychotherapy is valid, but the authors should take into account that the border between pseudoscience and academic psychology is vague and difficult to define.
8
O uniwersalności teorii psychologii społecznej
100%
Dymkowski M.
Psychologia Społeczna
|
2007
|
tom 2
|
nr 3-4(5)
249-261
EN
According to social constructionism, social psychologists do not formulate universal theories because people conform to culturally and historically changeable influences, and the phenomena and processes investigated by social psychology are specific and unique. In opposition to this position, a case of a fully universal theory is analyzed, as well as examples of several other theories that are - in the light of research outcomes, especially of the cross-cultural comparisons - only historical generalizations, or their universality is incomplete. Possibilities are discussed of separating time and space limitations from the theories with the help of: (1) identification of the described commonalities’ universal determinants; (2) ad hoc formulation of more general assertions; (3) indication of new relations between theories.
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