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7
Content available remote Canonical extensions and completions of posets and lattices
63%
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tom No. 43
133-152
EN
The purpose of this note is to expose a new way of viewing the canonical extension of posets and bounded lattices. Specifically, we seek to expose categorical features of this completion and to reveal its relationship to other completion processes.
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tom 54
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nr 12
828-832
EN
The aim of this research was to indicate the variability of the manganese concentration in the serum of the lactating cows in conditions where there was a varied manganese supply in fodder. Our task was to compare this with the changes of alkaline phosphatase activity in serum and manganese contents in hair. Our research showed that the increase of manganese contents in bulky feeds as well as using an additional supply of MnSO₄ was accompanied by an increase of manganese concentration in serum (coefficient of correlation r = 0.994 p < 0.001; r = 0.525 p < 0.05). Supplying the additional MnSO₄ in conditions of lowered manganese content in bulky feeds influenced the variation within serum activity of alkaline phosphatase. The dynamics of the observed changes was due to the changes of the manganese content in bulky feeds and supply of the addition MnSO₄ caused the increase of the manganese contents in hair and its concentration in serum (coefficient of correlation r = 0.833 p < 0.001). The research proved that indicating the level of manganese concentration in serum may be an essential biochemical indicator in survival laboratory diagnosis of manganese deficiency among cattle.
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nr 2
647-652
PL
Wobec braku danych piśmiennictwa obiektywizujących przydatność oznaczeń stężeń manganu w płynach ustrojowych w diagnostyce jego niedoboru u krów, przeprowadzono badania zmierzające do ustalenia związku między wielkością podaży manganu w paszach objętościowych i dodatkiem MnSO₄ a stężeniem pierwiastka w surowicy. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono wysoką korelację dodatnią między stężeniem manganu w surowicy a zawartością manganu w paszach objętościowych i dawką manganu w postaci MnSO₄. Analiza statystyczna wskazała na odmienność reakcji stężeń manganu w surowicy w zależności od tego, czy wielkość podaży manganu była wynikiem wzrostu jego koncentracji w paszach objętościowych czy zastosowania dodatku MnSO₄.
EN
Because of lack of bibliography objectivizating the value of analysis of manganese in body fluids in diagnosis manganese deficiences of the cows, there have been made examinations leading to assignation the connection between supply of manganese in fooders as well as under the influence of supplementation of feeding doses MnSO₄ and dynamic of concentration of element in serum. Basing on examinations there has been stated high correlation coefficient between manganese concentration in serum and content of element in examined fodder and doses MnSO₄. Statistical analysis pointed out the dissimilarity of reactions of manganese concentration in serum according as the considerable mineral supply was the result of increasing of concentration in fodder or according as supply of MnSO₄.
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2011
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tom 55
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nr 3
EN
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of chosen factors: subsequent lactations in which pregnancy was diagnosed, the month in which successful insemination was performed, the length of the calving-conception period, the number of inseminations, and the culling rate on the pregnancy loss index, and to evaluate the relationship between culling and risk of abortion. The analysis involved 1,056 pregnancies diagnosed in 378 cows during nine years of observations. An increase in the number of cows being in the third and following lactations in successive years was connected with an increasing pregnancy loss ratio up to 90 d after insemination (P=0.034) and decreasing pregnancy loss observed later (P=0.045). The pregnancy loss rate during the first trimester was the lowest in primiparous cows (4.73%). Simultaneously, in primiparous cows and in cows in the second lactation, the highest pregnancy loss rate between 91-260 d after insemination was noted (8.19% and 8.68%, respectively). It was demonstrated that pregnancy loss up to 90 d of its development was observed most frequently after inseminations made in April (P=0.027) and most seldom after inseminations made in August. Pregnaney losses in the second and third trimesters were the most frequently observed after inseminations performed in July (P=0.040) and October (P=0.031), and the most seldom when the inseminations were performed in April. Culling of primiparous cows decreased the risk of pregnancy loss after inseminations in the second lactation in the other cows.
EN
A method for blood manganese measurements has been described. The method provides high reproducibility of the concentrations measured. The coefficients of variation were 3.4% and 4.1 % for within-run and between-runs, respectively. The recovery of the method was 98.1 %. Manganese concentrations in the blood ranged from 6.27 ng/ml to 8.98 ng/ml. The measurements revealed that contamination of tubes containing samples and prepared for determination can be the cause of the divergence of the results obtained.
EN
The aim of the study was to present the scale of use, risk factors and possibilities, which sorter semen gives in biotechnics used in reproduction of cattle. Modern sorters allow for the evaluation of 6 million X and Y spermatozoa per hour. Sex-sorted semen, which is commercially used, contains 2.1 × 106 of spermatozoa. It is used mostly in AI of milk heifers, mainly in large cattle herds. Sorted semen containing Y spermatozoa is sold less often in the world than the one with X spermatozoa. The percentage of the desired sex of the young is higher than 90. The pregnancy rate after application of sorted semen is about 20–25% lower than after insemination of non-sorted semen and depends on a number of factors. The main factors are: breed of female, service number, the herd of origin, the depth of semen deposition, the bull producing semen, ambient temperature and technical parameters during sperm sorting. A number of methods have been developed to improve conception rate, including timed artificial insemination (TAI) and synchronization of heat and ovulation. Results of donor inseminations with the use of sorter semen are presented, with the lower percentage of embryos suitable for the transfer and embryos of the highest quality highlighted. Previous studies do not indicate a reduction of the conception rate after the transfer of embryos obtained in vitro and in vivo after fertilization using sorted semen. It remains difficult to justify a significant increase in the frequency of stillbirths of bulls after using sorted sperm. Similarly, 16% of stillbirths of bulls were observed after embryo transfer, when donors were inseminated with sorter semen. The percentage of stillbirths of bulls after embryo transfer with the use of conventional semen is 9%. The sorted semen is not often used for inseminations in pigs, sheep and goats.
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