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1

Suspended Particulate Matter as an Indicator of Metals Pollution in Riverin System

100%

Adamiec E.

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tom Vol. 20, nr 1

31--38

EN

Content of heavy metals is strongly dependent on the composition of suspendend particulate matter (SPM). Metals contamination of the aquatic environment can be natural origin as well as is a result of human activities. SPM is an important indicator of processes occurring in the basin. Mineralogical and geochemical identification and determination of the origin of the suspension components is necessary to evaluate the role of SPM in the accumulation and transport of trace metals in Odra river. Research were carried in the Upper and the Middle Odra River and its tributaries. SPM samples were analyzed with SEM-EDS application and metals in water and SPM were determined by ICP-MS. Result of SEM-EDS shows the presence of carbonates – mainly calcite, silicates – especially quartz and feldspars as well as illit. Obtained results allowed to recognize a variety of plankton species. It should be noted that very common in SPM feldspar and quartz contain relatively low amount of metal, as opposed to clay minerals that are responsible for the pollution. In SPM samples the presence of significant quantities of anthropogenic dust were recognized. Observed metal pollution of the Odra river basin is dangerous because of their toxic nature and the threat to living organisms. Suspended matter seems to be one of the best indicator of antropogenic pollution in riverin system.

PL

Zawiesina jest ważnym wskaźnikiem procesów zachodzących w dorzeczu. Zanieczyszczenie środowiska wodnego metalami może być pochodzenia naturalnego, głównie jednak ma charakter antropogenny. Naturalnym źródłem metali w systemie rzecznym są określone formacje skalne i minerały ulegające wietrzeniu i erozji. Jakość i ilość zawiesiny jest uzależniona od ukształtowania i budowy geologicznej koryta rzecznego, wielkości dorzecza, jak również klimatu oraz okresów wegetacji. Rozpoznanie mineralogiczne i geochemiczne zawiesiny oraz określenie jej składu i genezy składników ją budujących jest niezbędne do oceny roli zawiesiny w akumulacji i transporcie metali śladowych w rzece. W tym celu przeprowadzone zostały badania SEM-EDS składu zawiesiny. Stwierdzono występowanie węglanów – głównie kalcytu oraz krzemianów i glinokrzemianów, a w szczególności kwarcu i skaleni potasowych. Uzyskane wyniki pozwoliły rozpoznać różnorodne gatunki planktonu, a w szczególności, takie jak Navicula lancelota, Stephanodiscus hantzschiin, Nitzschia acicularis oraz Cyclotella meneghiniana. W próbkach stwierdzono obecność znacznej ilości pyłów antropogennych. Dodatkowo przeprowadzono badania Ca, K i Mg. Stężenia pierwiastków wynosiły odpowiednio 71,5 mg/dm3, 8,77 mg/dm3, 18,37 mg/dm3. Równolegle autorka prowadziła szczegółłowe badania ilość zawiesiny i zawartość w niej metali. Badania wykazały znaczne zanieczyszczenia Cd, Zn i umiarkowane pozostałymi metalami ciężkimi (Pb, Ni, Cr, Fe, Cu, Mn) i As. W celu określenia mobilności przeprowadzono badania form związania metali w zawiesinie. Badania wykazały, że Cd, Zn i As stwarzają największe zagrożenie dla systemu rzeki Odry. Badania SEM-EDS oraz metali i ich form związania z wykorzystaniem ICP-MS pozwoliły na kompleksową ocenę zawiesiny jako potencjonalnego wskaźnika zanieczyszczenia antropogennego metalami systemu rzecznego.

2

Distribution of pollutants in the Odra River system. Part IV. Heavy metal distribution in water of the upper and middle Odra River, 1998-2000

63%

Adamiec E. , Helios-Rybicka E.

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nr 6

EN

The aims of this study were to asses an environmental condition and observe changes of heavy metal concentrations and distribution in water of the upper and middle Odra River. In order to estimate levels of heavy metal pollution in the upper and middle Odra River and its tributaries, in May and November 1998, June 1999 and May 2000, a total of 147 samples of river water were taken. Heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, As, Cr, Ni, Mn, Fe) in the water samples were analysed by ICP-MS. According to the LAWA classification, water in the Odra River and its tributaries are moderately to highly contaminated with heavy metals. High metals concentration is mainly due to agricultural and industrial activities such as petrochemicals, petroleum refining, steel works foundries and non-ferrous metal-works. The levels of pollution vary in wide ranges, depending on the metal. Highest Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations were observed particularly in middle part of the Odra River at the Lubin - Legnica Cu-mining and processing region.

3

Distribution of pollutants in the Odra River system. Part V. Assessment of total and mobile heavy metals content in the suspended mattr and sediments of the Odra River system and recommendations for river chemical monitoring

63%

Adamiec E. , Helios-Rybicka E.

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nr 6

EN

The extensive investigations of total and mobile heavy metals concentrations in suspended matter (SPM) and bottom sediments of the upper and middle Odra river were carried out over the years 1997–2000. Significant levels of contamination were found. Median concentrations for Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and As in the SPM and sediments were (mg/kg) 7.3 and 8.9, 97.2 and 119, 79.2 and 92.7, 1221 and 1158, and 52.9 and 67.9, respectively. The highest metal pollution of Odra river solids was found with cadmium, zinc, lead and arsenic. The frequency distribution of Cd, Zn, Pb and As in both type of samples, i.e. SPM and sediments, shows high similarity. >From all metals studied, Cd, Zn and As appear to be of particular concern because of the high levels, that appear to be bioavailable, and their high mobility. The exchangeable and carbonatic fractions of Cd and Zn reached up to 50% of their total amount. Besides the determination of total metal concentration, the “mobilisation test” of metals in river solids is recommend for monitoring purposes, allowing evaluation of the most mobile, and bioavailable metal fractions. The results of four years of very wide studies of Odra river system suggest that for river monitoring purposes, the frequency and numbers of samples for chemical analysis of both water and solids - preferably suspended matter - could be reduced to twice a year, with few select sampling sites.

4

Ocena zanieczyszczenia rzek Odry i Wisły - przeszłość i teraźniejszość

51%

Helios-Rybicka E. , Wardas M. , Adamiec E. , Strzebońska M.

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tom T. 27, z. 2--4

659-671

PL

Badania przeprowadzone w latach 1990-1991 wykazały, że górna Odra jest silnie zanieczyszczona, szczególnie Cd do 16, Pb do 3954, Cu do 1784 i Zn do 6685 mg/kg. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej w latach 1997-2000 kompleksowej oceny stanu rzeki Odry stwierdzono, że zanieczyszczenie metalami się zmniejszyło, szczególnie Zn i Pb. Stwierdzono wyraźną różnicę w zawartości metali w osadach i zawiesinie. W zawiesinie pobranej z Odry po powodzi, ilość Pb a szczególnie Zn i Cd jest znacznie wyższa niż w osadzie dennym. Poważnym problemem jest wysoka zawartość Cd, co z uwagi na jego dużą mobilność i przyswajalność biologiczną stanowi duże zagrożenie dla środowiska. Również osady Wisły są silnie zanieczyszczone metalami, a ilość Cd w osadach Wisły poniżej ujścia Przemszy osiąga 200 mg/kg. Rzeka Przemsza należy do najbardziej skażonych w Europie. Zanieczyszczenie osadów Wisły zmniejsza się w miarę oddalania się od Górnego Śląska

EN

Studies carried out in 1990-1991 have showed very strong heavy metals contamination of the Odra River, especially with Cd - up to 16, Pb - up to 3954, Cu - up to 1784 and Zn - up to 6685 mg/kg. Investigation carried out during the last years 1997-2000 in the framework of the International Odra Project showed that the heavy metals pollution has been decreased, especially with Zn and Pb. In the suspended matter samples of the Upper and Middle Odra River from November '97 the content of Zn, Cd and Pb, was higher than in the bottom sediments. Generally the content of Cd in the suspended matter is lower than in the sediment samples. Significant high levels of metals contamination were found in the Vistula river, particularly for Zn, Pb and Cd at the river section downstream of the Przemsza outlet. Contaminant concentrations were generally found to decrease substantially with increasing a distance from the Upper Silesia industrial area

5

An attempt to identify traffic related elements in snow

51%

Adamiec E. , Wieszała R. , Strzebońska M. , Jarosz-Krzemińska E.

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tom Vol. 39, no. 4

317--329

EN

The main objective of this article is an attempt to use snow as an indicator in the process of assessing and identifying vehicle-derived elements pollution. The aim of the present study is to characterize traffic-related elements in snow collected from three sites: a parking place, a highway and a relatively unpolluted airfield. Several recent studies suggest that road traffic is considered to be one of the major sources of environmental pollution in urban areas. In order to avoid the problem of low emission from household furnaces, samples were collected far away from residential buildings. Snow located near roads with heavy traffic seems to be a very useful tool and indicator of traffic-related elements released into the environment. Snow acts as a natural filter for various chemical elements and particles. Snow is an efficient scavenger of aerosol and air pollutants, usually remains on the ground for sampling after the event; moreover, snowmelt contaminates soil. In the present study filtered (0.45 um) samples of melted snow were analyzed with ICP-MS. The results show significantly higher concentrations of elements in snow collected at the parking lot and at the highway when compared to samples taken from a relatively unpolluted airfield. Research on exploitation dust (break, tire, clutch) was performed with SEM-EDS.

6

Contamination assessment of Krakow Valleys Landscape Park's surface and wastewaters

51%

Strzebońska M. , Jarosz-Krzemińska E. , Adamiec E.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2014

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tom Vol. 40, no. 4

325--330

EN

This research consisted of a physico-chemical evaluation of the streams and wastewaters within Krakow Valleys Landscape Parkin the Kluczwody, Bolechowicka, Będkowska and Kobylańska valleys. The following set of parameters were determined in the samples: pH, Eh, conductivity, oxygen content, concentration of metals' cations and selected anions. The results revealed that the wastewaters discharged as well as the streams that feed into the Rudawa river are mainly polluted with nitrates. Additionally, the examined wastewaters contained a high concentration of phosphate exceeding class II purity maximum permissible values.

7

Prenatal development of the human humerus

51%

Czerwinski F. , Adamiec E. , Cedro A. , Zasada K.

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nr 1

8

Ocena zanieczyszczenia metalami ciężkimi osadów dennych górnej i środkowej Odry

38%

Rybicka E. H. , Sikora W. S. , Wójcik R. , Wardas M. , Strzebońska M. , Adamiec E. , Łagan Ł.

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tom Nr 8

300-304

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących zawartości metali ciżkich we frakcji drobnoziarnistej (

EN

The paper presents results of investigation into content of heavy metals in the fine-grained fraction (<20 mi g) of bottom sediments in the Upper and Middle Odra river and their buffer properties and ability to liberate the adsorbed metals.