The article overviews the operations of the Prison Department of the Ministry of Public Security in 1948, and it paints a gloomy picture of an institution subjected to totalitarian rule. This fragmentary analysis of a government department mirrors the policies enacted by the broader state apparatus. Similarly to other state institutions, the Prison Department initiated a series of purge campaigns in 1948. The same year witnessed the creation of the Polish United Workers’ Party and changes in the composition of top-level party authorities. Both events necessitated new propaganda efforts, and a series of political and educational campaigns were launched in Polish prisons in 1948. The analyzed year was a break-through period which shaped the ideological foundations of a rising totalitarian state.
The article takes on the issue of the fifteen years of functioning of the “one country — two systems” principle in relations between the People’s Republic of China and Hong Kong. It focuses on the importance of the this principle for the stability of the relationship between these two entities. The aim of the article is to verify the claim that the stability and future of China–Hong Kong relations depends on the successful functioning of the above-mentioned principle.
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