Исследования сырого молока охватывают 1982—1985 гг. Они касаются определения степени бактериальных загрязнений в обороте, начиная с удоя в коровнике индивидуального проузводителя, хранения его, передачи на заготовительный пункт и по прием оттуда молокозаводом. Состояние среды оборота было дифференцированно и не соответствовало вполне санитарным требованиям, что показано в микробиологических исследованиях молока. Исследуемые уровни общего числа мезофильных аэробных микроорганизмов были оборотом значительно повышены от 10⁶/мл в коровнике до 10⁷ и 10⁸/мл в заготовке и на молокозаводе, похоже для психротрофов (10³, 10⁴ и 10⁵/мл). Заквашивающие бактерии не появлялись регулярно, но наблюдалось увеличивающееся число на протяжении молокооборота. Титр coli также увеличивался, начиная с коровника по молокозавод (в среднем с 10⁻⁴— 10⁻⁵—10⁻⁶/мл). Доминирующее влияние на рост микроорганизмов оказывала повышенная температура (летом), действовавшая на них стимулирующе.
EN
The examinations concerned the degree of milk contamination by bacteria beginning from milk yield in a cowshed of an individual farmer, holding out, sending to a purchasing centre and delivery to a creamery. The hygienic state of environment was different and did not fulfil sanitary rules; this fact was confirmed by bacteriological examinations. The number of mesophilic aerobic bacteria in the course of turnover increased from 10⁶/m] in a cowshed up to 10⁷—10⁸/ml in a purchasing centre and a creamery; the same process of bacteria multiplication was observed in case of psychrotropic flora — from 10³ to 10⁴ and 10⁵/ml. Although aeidophylic bacteria appeared irregularly during the turnover of milk nevertheless their number increased; E. coli titer was also higher, i.e. from 10⁴ to 10⁵—10⁶/ml. A high temperature during summer had a significant influence on the degree of contamination.
Due to the need to ensure protection of the forest environment against so−called forestry damage, the Polish legislator introduced a number of legal solutions (both in the field of criminal law and the law of misdemeanors), aimed at eliminating human behaviors that harm the forest as a priceless good. Despite the multiplicity of legal regulations, in practice there are situations of improper use (i.e. incorrect legal classification of an act), which in turn translates into the level of forest legal protection as property of special value. The paper analyses criminal law (sensu largo) in terms of penalizing behaviors that are a manifestation of forest damage, but also indicates their correct application in the situation of for example felling and then theft of wood or theft of wood itself. It should be pointed out that the current provisions on the protection of forest property, contained in the Penal Code (PC) of 1997, as well as the Code of Misdemeanors (CM) of 1971, differ significantly (while for the legal qualification: felling and then the theft of trees on the basis of PC should reach for the disposition of the provision of Article 290 of the PC in conjunction with Article 278 PC, then under the CM, only the provision of Article 120 of the PC). The non−uniformity of penal provisions and provisions regulating liability in the event of an offense aimed at ensuring the protection of forest property against forest damage creates a necessity to clarify them, but also to indicate an appropriate model for the classification of acts subject to their instruction.