Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Biotechnologia: Dr Jekyll czy Mr Hyde?

100%

Kafarski P.

|

tom Vol. 64, nr 11

727-734

PL

Biotechnologia jest dyscypliną nauki rozwijająca się niezwykle intensywnie, ale też budzącą wiele emocji i stwarzająca nowe problemy moralne i etyczne. Czy są to problemy rzeczywiste, czy też wyimaginowane i wyolbrzymione? W poniższym artykule przedstawiono różne oblicza biotechnologii i pokazano jak skomplikowaną jest obiektywna ocena jej osiągnięć i zamierzeń.

EN

Biotechnology is considered as a intensively developing discipline of science. On the other hand it creates new molar and ethical problems. Are these problems real or imaginary and exaggerated? In this report various faces of biotechnology are presented and indication given how difficult objective evaluation its achievements and intentions.

2

Tęczowy kod biotechnologii

100%

Kafarski P.

|

2012

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tom Vol. 66, nr 8

811-816

PL

Biotechnologia jest uważana za jedną z dziedzin, która będzie decydować o prawidłowym rozwoju gospodarki w naszym wieku. Jest niezwykle rozległym obszarem działalności technicznej człowieka, i jej rozwój jest zależny od współdziałania między różnymi dziedzinami nauki i techniki. Znanych jest kilka podziałów biotechnologii, ale chyba najpopularniejszym jest tradycyjny, bazujący na kolorach. Zazwyczaj wymienia się cztery kolory: czerwony, biały, zielony i fioletowy. Istnieje także podział szerszy, wykorzystujący znacznie szerszą gamę barw - nieomal wszystkie barwy tęczy.

EN

Biotechnology is considered as a driving force of progress and simultaneously as a major threat of humanity. Although there several classifications of biotechnology, the one using color code is most popularly used. Most commonly four major colors are considered, namely red, green, white and purple. However classifications using many more colors, nearly all tones of rainbow, also exist.

3

Nietypowe strategie przetrwania organizmów. Czy mają znaczenie technologiczne?

100%

Kafarski P.

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2012

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tom Vol. 66, nr 3

192-193

PL

Autor zwraca uwagę na ekosystem jako złożoną i dynamiczną zbiorowość gatunków zwierząt i roślin wraz z fizycznym środowiskiem, w którym żyją. Pokazuje, że Natura może być źródłem pomysłów badawczych, a baczna obserwacja sposobów wypracowanych przez konkretne organizmy i zrozumienie ich molekularnych mechanizmów może być inspiracją do konstrukcji urządzeń służących człowiekowi.

EN

The author draws attention to the ecosystem as a complex and dynamic community of plant and animal species in the physical environment in which they live. It shows that nature can be a source of research ideas, and beneficial to observe the ways developed by specific organisms and understand their molecular mechanisms may be the inspiration for the design of devices profitable for human beings.

4

Biotransformacje jako narzędzie w procesach biorafinacji

88%

Kafarski P.

|

nr 2

5

Nauka ma korzenie w tradycji

63%

Kafarski P. , Garniewska A.

|

2017

|

tom nr 9-10

10--11

PL

Wywiad z prof. dr. hab. inż. Pawłem Kafarskim, przewodniczącym Komitetu Naukowego 60. Zjazdu Polskiego Towarzystwa Chemicznego.

6

Związki metaloorganiczne w syntezie fosfonianów

51%

Prokopowicz M. , Młynarz P. , Kafarski P.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

|

2010

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tom [Z] 64, 1-2

1-22

EN

Phosphonates constitute a class of compounds with variety of applications in organic synthesis (as reagents in the orner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction), medicine (biologically active compounds) or industry (as e.g. water softeners) [1, 2]. Therefore, the original synthetic methods were developed in order to obtain phosphonates possessing vast and desired properties [3]. This work focuses on the methods employing metalloorganic compounds to a new C-P bond formation. This approach is achieved in most cases by substitution at a trigonal phosphorus atom. The reactions are characterized by high yields and lack of side-products what facilitates the isolation and purification of the target compounds. These benefits are provided mainly by application of lithium and magnesium derivatives. The other method involves modification of a ready molecule skeleton. The procedures utilizing a new C-C or C-halide bond formation are commonly used. Suitable for these synthetic routes are such soft nucleophiles as copper- zinc- and cadmium-organic compounds. Additionally, examples of an application of mercury-, lead- and aluminiumorganic reagents to the synthesis of other organic phosphorus compounds are discussed. Although their use is rather marginal, they appeared to be crucial for specific and original syntheses.

7

Molekularny mechanizm dzialania bisfosfonianow i ich zastosowanie w praktyce klinicznej

51%

Mytnik E. , Kuryszko J. , Chmielewska E. , Kafarski P.

|

nr 05

307-310

EN

Bisphosphonates are a unique class of drugs. As a family they are characterized pharmacologically by their ability to inhibit bone resorption, whereas, pharmacokinetically, they are classified by their similarity in absorption, distribution and elimination. Bisphosphonates have become the most important class of antiresorptive drugs, not only for the treatment of Paget’s disease, but also for other diseases that involve excessive osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, such as tumor-induced osteolysis and hypercalcemia as well as osteoporosis. Although all bisphosphonates have similar psychochemical properties, their antiresorbing activities differ substantially. The structure of the R2 side chain is the major determinant of antiresorptive potency, both phosphonate groups are also required for the drugs to be active. Activity is dramatically increased when the amino group is contained in the aliphatic carbon chain. They act by inhibiting the enzyme farnesyl diphosphate synthase. Despite this, the molecular mode of their action is still not clear. There is substantial evidence that BPs can have a direct effect on osteoclasts by mechanisms that may lead to osteoclast cell death by apoptosis. BPs can also inhibit proliferation and cause cell death in macrophages in vitro. It has been shown that the toxic effect of BPs on macrophages is also due to the induction of apoptotic, rather than necrotic, cell death. Bisphosphonates may inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption by several routes, although a direct effect on mature osteoclasts is the most likely. Bisphosphonates perturb cellular metabolism and induce osteoclast apoptosis. The molecular mechanisms by which these effects are brought about are only now becoming clear. The simple bisphosphonates that closely resemble pyrophosphonates (such as clodronate, etidronate and tiludronate) can be metabolically incorporated into non-hydrolysable analogues of ATP that accumulate intracellularly in osteoclasts, resulting in the induction of osteoclast apoptosis. The more potent, nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (such as pamidronate, alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate and zoledronate) appear to act as analogues of isoprenoid diphosphate lipids, thereby inhibiting FPP synthase, an enzyme in the mevalonate pathway. Inhibition of this enzyme in osteoclasts prevents the biosynthesis of isoprenoid lipids (FPP and GGPP) that are essential for the post-translational farnesylation and geranylgeranylation of small GTPase signaling proteins. Loss of bone-resorptive activity and osteoclast apoptosis is primarily due to the loss of geranylgeranylated small GTPases.

8

Transport of dipertides through supported liquid membranes

51%

Wieczorek P. P. , Bryjak M. , Kafarski P. , Lejczak B.

|

1990

|

tom 10

|

nr 2

9

Carrot [Daucus carota L.] allelochemicals as a chemomediators between organisms

51%

Jasicka-Misiak I. , Lipok J. , Wieczorek P. P. , Kafarski P.

Pestycydy

|

2004

|

nr 3-4

10

Transport of amino acids and dipeptides through liquid membranes

45%

Wieczorek P. , Skrzypinski W. , Bryjak M. , Lejczak B. , Kafarski P.

|

nr 2

11

In vitro assay of the biological activity of bisphosphonates

45%

Chmielewska E. , Miszczyk P. , Kafarski P. , Kempińska K. , Wietrzyk J.

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tom Vol. 2, no. 1

13--16

EN

Nowadays, the use of bisphosphonates are the gold standard of treatment of bone diseases. Due to the high utility of these compounds, scientists still search for better and better structures, with a variety of substituents at carbon’s atom and create new libraries or improve methods of their synthesis. To determine the potential effect of newly discovered bisphosphonates, for example antiosteoporotic activity, there are in vitro tests which allow to determine the half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of cells. This paper describes in detail the methodology for test the biological activity of bisphosphonates. Shows the results of biological activity for synthesized bisphosphonates in relation to the commercial-incadronate and zoledronate.

12

Odlot na grzybach

45%

Jasicka-Misiak I. , Poliwoda A. , Mlynarz P. , Halama M. , Kafarski P.

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nr 06

13

Profesor Andrzej Zabza

44%

Kafarski P.

|

nr 1

7-9

14

Projektowanie potencjalnych leków i pestycydów z wykorzystaniem wiedzy o strukturze przestrzennej enzymów

38%

Kafarski P. , Grembecka J. , Mucha A. , Pawełczak M. , Drąg M. , Berlicki Ł. , Olechnowicz D.

|

tom T. 82, nr 8-9

1087-1089

15

The experimental osteoporosis in sheep – clinical approach

32%

Kiełbowicz Z. , Kuryszko J. , Pezowicz C. , Bieżyński J. , Nikodem A. , Piątek A. , Skrzypczak P. , Kuropka P. , Kafarski P.

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nr 3

16

The experimental osteoporosis in sheep - clinical approach

32%

Kielbowicz Z. , Piatek A. , Biezynski J. , Skrzypczak P. , Kuropka P. , Kuryszko J. , Nikodem A. , Kafarski P. , Pezowicz C.

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tom 18

|

nr 3

EN

The implementation of new methods of oseoporotic therapy requires tests on an animal model. One of the best is the sheep, whose numerous advantages over other models are described in the literature. The aim of this study was induction of osteoporosis using steroids and ovariorectomy methods in sheep and description of the change in parameters with regard to healthy sheep. The study was performed on female „merino” breed sheep divided into three groups: Negative control (NC) healthy animals, positive control (PC) ovariorectomised animals and steroid group (SC) where methylprednisolone was implemented. Blood tests, diagnostic arthroscopy, quantitative computed tomography and X-Ray micro-tomography of bone were carried out. Blood tests revealed a decreased level of estrogens, progesterone and increased parathormone and cortisol levels in the SC group. A decrease in bone turnover markers and an increase in bone resorption markers in all groups were also noted. Diagnostic arthroscopy revealed osteoarthrosis in PC and SC groups. Radiological density tests showed a slight decrease in PC and NC groups whereas there was more than a triple decrease in SC. Results obtained from microCT showed quickly developing osteoporosis in the SC group, which is reflected in numerous parameters analysed in this study. The best effects for osteoporosis induction were obtained using ovariorectomised sheep with methylprednisolone injections.