Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Dodatek lizyny i soli potasu do białka pszennego w karmie szczurów

100%

Zaleski J. , Robert L. , Harris S.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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1961

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tom 12

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nr 3

2

La signification paleoclimatique des lithalses [palses minerales]

100%

Pissart A. , Harris S. , Prick A. , Vliet-Lanoe V.

Biuletyn Peryglacjalny

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1998

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tom 37

3

Ranging behaviour of juvenile red foxes and its implications for management

100%

Robertson C. P. J. , Baker P. J. , Harris S.

Acta Theriologica

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2000

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tom 45

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nr 4

EN

The diurnal and nocturnal movement patterns of juvenile foxes Vulpes uulpes (Linneaus, 1758) were investigated in Bristol, UK. Juvenile and adult foxes were radio-tracked between May and December in three consecutive years. In the months preceding the main dispersal period (May-September), cubs showed a gradual increase in the area over which they ranged, and this was reflected both in the use of diurnal lying-up sites and nocturnal patterns of movement. However, their behaviour was highly focused at secure den sites and rendezvous sites. There was no significant difference in the movement patterns of male and female cubs. By the end of August, the nocturnal movement patterns of cubs were comparable with resident aduit animals with the exception of their average speed of travel. During the onset of the main dispersal period (October-December) subadults showed the same movement patterns as adults. These results are discussed within the context of fox management by the distribution of baits. It is proposed that the low bait uptake rate of juveniles is associated with their limited ranging behaviour as cubs, and with differences in patterns of range utilisation as subadults.

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Defecation and urination patterns of badgers Meles meles at low density in South West England

100%

Hutchings M. R. , Service K. M. , Harris S.

Acta Theriologica

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2001

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tom 46

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nr 1

EN

The spatial distribution of urine and faecal scent marks of badgers Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) at low population density (mean ± SE across 4 social groups was 5.73 ± 0.735 badgers/km2) in south-western England were quantified. Eighteen badger latrines (greater than one dung pit containing faeces), 74 single defecations not in pits and 21 faeces in single pits were located in spring when badgers were defending well-defined territories. Woodland was selected, and arable land avoided, for latrine sites. Pasture and built-up land was selected for single defecations not in pits whereas faeces in single pits were distributed randomly across habitat types. Faecal scent marks were strongly associated with the edge of pastoral fields rather than the middle. Forty-six and 51 urinations were located in spring and summer, respectively. Urine was deposited randomly across habitat types but was concentrated at the linear features surrounding the main setts. This is the first reported use of high levels of single defecations and urinations in badger scent marking strategies in the UK. These results are discussed in relation to the potential for transmission of bovine tuberculosis Mycobacterium bovis from badger excreta to cattle.

5

Vegetation quality and habitat selection by European hares Lepus europaeus in a pastural landscape

88%

Smith R. K. , Jennings N. V. , Tataruch F. , Hacklander K. , Harris S.

Acta Theriologica

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2005

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tom 50

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nr 3

EN

European haresLepus europaeus Pallas, 1778 have lower population densities and body condition in pastural landscapes than in arable landscapes, but reasons for this are not understood. The aim of this study was to determine whether forage quality is low in pastural landscapes during certain seasons. We carried out chemical analysis of the nutritional quality of 5 habitat types to determine whether hares select high quality habitats, and whether nutritional quality explains seasonal differences in range sizes of hares in pastural landscapes. Hares did not tend to select habitats of high nutritional quality (protein, fat or energy) over those of lower quality. Hares did not increase active range size as the overall energy content of forage at the study site decreased; seasonal differences in active range size were not explained by nutritional quality. Differences may be explained by behavioural changes related to breeding. Pastural habitat is fairly stable in terms of nutritional quality through the year, and results suggest that poor forage quality is unlikely to be responsible for the poor body condition of hares in pastural landscapes. Hares in these landscapes are more likely to be limited by habitat quality in terms of cover than by forage.

6

Changes in red fox habitat preference and rest site fidelity following a disease-induced population decline

75%

Newman T. J. , Baker P. J. , Simcock E. , Saunders G. , White P. C. L. , Harris S.

Acta Theriologica

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2003

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tom 48

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nr 1

EN

The habitat preferences of red foxesVulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) in Bristol, UK, were compared during periods of high and low population density following an outbreak of sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabiei). These periods are termed ‘pre-epizootic’ and ‘post-epizootic’, respectively. Habitat preferences were compared between periods during nocturnal activity and diurnal inactivity using compositional analysis. Back gardens were the most preferred habitat for pre-epizootic foxes during periods of activity; back gardens and allotment/woodland habitats were equally preferred by post-epizootic foxes, with a trend for allotment/woodland to be the most favoured. During periods of inactivity, pre-epizootic foxes selected back gardens for diurnal rest sites, compared with allotments/woodland in the post-epizootic period. Post-epizootic foxes also showed a significant decrease in rest sitefidelity, such that they were very unlikely to re-use a rest site more than once. In comparison, pre-epizootic foxes were often very faithful to one or a small number of sites. Such changes in habitat preference and rest site fidelity could have been facilitated by: (1) changes in food availability, (2) a decrease in intra-specific competition, (3) the requirements of defending larger territories post-epizootic, or (4) an avoidance of habitats that might increase the likelihood of mange transmission. The management implications of these results are discussed.