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EN
In this paper a method is introduced which enables automatic detection of immunogold markers in transmission electron micrographs. Immunogold markers are used in electron microscopy to determine sub-cellular location of biological relevant macromolecules, such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. The proposed method combines image segmentation and feature localization approaches to improve accuracy of the immunogold markers detection in low contrast and highly textured image regions. A segmentation algorithm is intended in this study, which applies a flood-fill morphological operation. Accuracy of this method was evaluated by using electron microscopy images of human colorectal carcinoma cells. The experimental results show that the introduced method enables detection of immunogold markers with low false positive and false negative rates.
PL
Szczurom rasy Wistar FL podawano fluorek sodu dootrzewnowe oraz w wodzie pitnej. Spowodowało to w obu doświadczeniach powstanie hiperglikemii fluorkowej, której towarzyszył spadek aktywności glukozo-6-fosfatazy wątrobowej, co sugeruje, że przyczyną hiperglikemii nie jest stymulacja szlaku glukoneogenezy.
EN
Glucose-6-phosphatase activity in the liver of rats (Wistar FL strain males) receiving a single intraperitoneal injection of NaF at 35 mg/kg body weight, and of rats exposed for 4 months to sodium fluoride in drinking water at 50 mg/dm3 and 100 mg/dm3 (2.63 mmol/dm3 and 5.26 mmol/dm3, respectively). In both experiments, the fluoride hyperglycaemia was accompanied by reduced glucose-6- phosphatase activity. The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that hyperglycaemia developed as a result of fluoride intoxication is associated with stimulation of the gluconeogenesis pathway enzymes.
EN
In this paper a method is introduced which enables automatic detection of parathyroid hyperplasia and parathyroid adenoma on the basis of immunohistochemical angiogenesis markers expression in micrographs. The proposed method uses digital image processing techniques and classification algorithms to detect diseased tissue. The disease detection is performed by classification of normalized color intensity histograms. Accuracy of this method was evaluated by using micrographs of parathyroid tissue sections obtained from patients that have undertaken surgery due to primary hyperparathyroidism. Use of different color models, various classifiers, and immunohistochemical markers was considered during the experiments. The experimental results show that the introduced method enables accurate detection of parathyroid disease. The most promising results were obtained for k-nearest neighbor and neural network classifiers.
PL
Na przestrzeni ostatnich lat udowodniono, że paracetamol, lek przeciwbólowy i przeciw gorączkowy, stosowany przewlekle i w dużych dawkach ma działanie hepatotoksyczne. W dostępnym piśmiennictwie nie znaleziono danych dotyczących wpływu paracetamolu na proces eliminacji azotu alfa aminowego przez wątrobę. Celem pracy było zbadanie czy paracetamol wpływa na ogniwa cyklu mocznikowego. Dlatego też oznaczano aktywność wybranych enzymów cyklu mocznikowego: karbamoiłotransferazy ornitynowej (OTC-azy) i arginazy (ARG) w wątrobie oraz stężenie amoniaku w surowicy krwi szczurów, otrzymujących doustnie roztwór paracetamolu.
EN
The effect of paracetamol treatment at 2.4 g/kg body weight daily on the activity of ornithine carbamoyltransferase [EC 2.1.3.3] and arginase [EC 3.5.3.1] was assessed after 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The aim of the study was to assess whether paracetamol addected alpha-amine nitrogen metabolism in rat liver. The results suggest that paracetamol is a safe drug at doses used during normal treatment, but when the usual doses are exceeded, it may adversely affect liver metabolism.
PL
Holoksan jest lekiem cytostatycznym należącym do związków alkilujących o mechanizmie działania podobnym do cyklofosfamidu. Celem pracy była ocena wpływu holoksanu, w różnych dawkach i przedziałach czasowych na aktywność izoenzymów dysmutazy ponadtlenkowej, SOD (mitochondrialnego i cytoplazmatycznego), jako enzymów układu oksydoredukcyjnego, oraz stężenie dialdehydu malonowego MDA, jako markera peroksydacji lipidów, w medium hodowlanym raka płaskonabłonkowego, hodowanego in vitro w postaci megakolonii. Hodowlę prowadzono na lnii raka płaskonablonkowego AT478, w warunkach standardowych. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników można stwierdzić, że holoksan w zastosowanej dawce (10 i 40 μg/cm3) i przedziale czasowym 24 i 72 godz. wpływa na zaburzenia układu oksydoredukcyjnego megakolonii komórek nowotworowych raka płaskonabłonkowego linii AT478 hodowanego in vitro.
EN
Investigations were carried out on the effect of different holoxane concentrations on the isoenzymes SOD (MnSOD and Cu/ZnSOD) activity and MDA of aquamous cell carcinoma in vitro at different time intervals. The observation period was 24 and 72 hours, and the surface areas of experimental and control colonies. The strongest inhibitory effect of holoxane on the activity of isoenzymes SOD and MDA of aquamous cell carcinoma megacolonies at 40 μg/ml after 72 hours.
EN
The exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-MF, frequencies less than 200-300 Hz) can alter the transcription and translation of genes, influence the cell proliferation rate and affect enzyme activities. Moreover, the hypothesis that ELF-MF increases free oxygen metabolites generation has been proposed. Since recent in vivo studies suggest that electric and magnetic fields are able to affect adipose cells metabolism. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of ELF-MF (frequency of basic impulse 180-195 Hz, induction 120 µT) on cell proliferation, antioxidative enzyme activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell culture. We found that ELF-MF application lasting 36 minutes daily failed to influence cell count after 24h and 48 h of incubation. After 24 h, in the ELF-MF treated group, manganese- and copper-zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD and Cu/ZnSOD) isoenzymes media activities were decreased, catalase activity was increased, whereas there were no significant differences in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GSSG-Rd) activities in comparison to the control. After 48 h of incubation, all enzyme activities were reduced, except for GSSG-Rd, in which no changes were noticed. MDA concentration at 24 h after incubation with the exposure to ELF-MF was significantly higher in comparison to the control, without ELF-MF. After 48 h of incubation, MDA levels were significantly lower in both groups with no differences between the groups without and with ELF-MF. We conclude that ELF-MF influences antioxidative enzyme activities and increases lipid peroxidation in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cultures.
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