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EN
After single, maximal physical exercise on ergometer in the investigated sport groups (cyclists-seniors and juniors and weightlifters-seniors) were found: no statistically significant differences in haematocrit count and haemoglobin concentration, increase of leukocytes number in cyclists-seniors (p < 0,001) and weight-lifters-seniors (p < 0,001), statistically significant increase of glucose (p < 0,05), free fatty acids (p < 0,05) and total lipids (p < 0,05) concentrations in cyclists-seniors and a significant decrease of glucose concentration (p < 0,05) in cyclists- juniors, statistically significant increase of lactic acid concentration in cyclists-seniors (p < 0,001) and juniors (p < 0,05) so as in weight-lifters-seniors (p < 0,001), statistically significant increase of pyruvate in cyclists-seniors (p < 0,001) and weight-lifters-seniors (p < 0,05), statistically significant increase of citric acid (p < 0,05) in cyclists-juniors, statistically significant decrtease of T4 in cyclists-seniors (p < 0,05) and slight decrease of T4 in weight-lifters-seniors. In both groups after an exercise occured also a slight decrease of T3 concentration, no significant correlations between hormons of thyroid gland and lactate, pyrurate and citrate, in weight-lifters seniors a correlation between after- -exercise values of T4 and FFA (r = 0,670) and between T3 and FFA (r = 0,730), - befor an exercise occured such correlations: in cyclists- -seniors between rT3 and citrate (r = 0,836) in cyclists- -juniors between T4 and citrate (r = 0,773) and between T3 and citrate (r = 0,638), in weight-lifters seniors between T4 and lactate (r = 0,736) and between rT3 and pyruvate (r = -0,762).
EN
The article aims at the increasing of knowledge among young people coming from the country, studying at various types of schools – from the aspect of frequency of their drinking, age of alcohol initiation and preferences towards alcoholic drinks. We examined 5,000 young people from rural areas in Lublin province between the ears 2002- 2004. A screening questionnaire that included AUDIT test (the Alcohol Use Disorders Identifi cation Test) was used. The AUDIT was developed by the WHO to identify hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption. The results showed that both frequency and alcohol initiation age were related to type of school and sex of young people. We found that young people from rural areas of Lublin province do not differ from all-Polish trends in relation to these patterns. Some changes in the alcohol consumption model in Polish villagers were noted. Young people in the country clearly prefer beer drinks. Restrictions regarding alcohol sales to young people are not complied with. In almost half of the group we found alcoholism in families. Our fi ndings show that antialcoholic prophylaxis should be initiated in the fi rst years of childrens’ education. Preventive programmes should be based not only on school, but also on the family.
EN
Hypocretin 1 and hypocretin 2 (Hcrt; also called orexin-A and orexinB, respectively) are two newly discovered neuropeptides synthesized in the hypothalamus. Besides playing a role in the control of arousal and wake-sleep cycle, both hypocretins have been reported to exert diverse physiological actions, including central regulation of feeding and energy homeostasis, regulation of cardiovascular and autonomic functions, and of the neuroendocrine system. The physiological effects of hypocretins are mediated via two G-protein coupled receptors, Hcrtr-1 and Hcrtr-2. Hcrtr-2 receptor has equal affi nity for both Hcrt1 and Hcrt2, whist Hcrtr-2 receptor has ten-fold greater affi nity for Hcrt1 than for Hcrt2. Despite of several studies, relatively little is known about hypocretin receptors signaling in different tissues. Here we show effects of Hcrt1 on cyclic AMP formation in primary neuronal cultures from rat cerebral cortex. Hcrt1 used at 0.01ñ1 μM concentrations did not exert signifi cant actions on the basal cyclic AMP formation in primary cultures from rat cerebral cortex. Hctr1 inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, increases in cyclic AMP accumulation evoked by the incubation of neuronal cultures with forskolin (a direct activator of adenylyl cyclase; 1 and 3 μM), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP27; 0.1 micromolar) or with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP; 3 μM). The obtained results indicate that Hcrtr in rat cortical neurons couples through Gi subclass of G-proteins, and suggest the presence of a neuron-linked functional interaction between hypocretins and neuropeptides PACAP/VIP. Supported by Institute for Medical Biology PAS, Lodz, Poland and the grant No 502-13-770 from the Medical University of Lodz
EN
Probing behaviour of the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.) on sucrose-agarose gels containing o-dihydroxyphenolics was examined using the EPG (electrical penetration graphs) technique. The aphids on diets containing certain o-dihydroxyphenols differed in the mean number of probes and duration of first probe and stylet pathways.
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